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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Classic PML (cPML)
Inflammatory PML (iPML)
Definitions
Subacute opportunistic infection caused by DNA John Cunningham polyomavirus (JC virus, JCV)
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
López Sala P et al: Cortical hypointensity in T2-weighted gradient-echo sequences in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Radiologia. 62(1):59-66, 2020
Bartsch T et al: The spectrum of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a practical approach. Eur J Neurol. 26(4):566-e41, 2019
Thurnher MM et al: Susceptibility-weighted mr imaging hypointense rim in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: the end point of neuroinflammation and a potential outcome predictor. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(6):994-1000, 2019
Grebenciucova E et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurol Clin. 36(4):739-50, 2018
Major EO: Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions and jc virus: the limits and value of imaging. JAMA Neurol. 75(7):789-90, 2018
Morrison VA: Immunosuppression associated with novel chemotherapy agents and monoclonal antibodies. Clin Infect Dis. 59 Suppl 5:S360-4, 2014
Wattjes MP et al: MRI pattern in asymptomatic natalizumab-associated PML. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 86(7):793-8, 2014
Zanoni BC et al: Update on opportunistic infections in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 28(3):501-18, 2014
Shah R et al: Imaging manifestations of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin Radiol. 65(6):431-9, 2010
Boster A et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a comparative study. Arch Neurol. 66(5):593-9, 2009
Carson KR et al: Monoclonal antibody-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in patients treated with rituximab, natalizumab, and efalizumab: a review from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. Lancet Oncol. 10(8):816-24, 2009
Boren EJ et al: The emergence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in rheumatic diseases. J Autoimmun. 30(1-2):90-8, 2008
Bergui M et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: diffusion-weighted imaging and pathological correlations. Neuroradiology. 46(1):22-5, 2004
Thurnher MM et al: Initial and follow-up MR imaging findings in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(5):977-84, 2001
Whiteman ML et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiology. 187(1):233-40, 1993
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Classic PML (cPML)
Inflammatory PML (iPML)
Definitions
Subacute opportunistic infection caused by DNA John Cunningham polyomavirus (JC virus, JCV)
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
López Sala P et al: Cortical hypointensity in T2-weighted gradient-echo sequences in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Radiologia. 62(1):59-66, 2020
Bartsch T et al: The spectrum of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a practical approach. Eur J Neurol. 26(4):566-e41, 2019
Thurnher MM et al: Susceptibility-weighted mr imaging hypointense rim in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: the end point of neuroinflammation and a potential outcome predictor. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(6):994-1000, 2019
Grebenciucova E et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurol Clin. 36(4):739-50, 2018
Major EO: Progressive Multifocal leukoencephalopathy lesions and jc virus: the limits and value of imaging. JAMA Neurol. 75(7):789-90, 2018
Morrison VA: Immunosuppression associated with novel chemotherapy agents and monoclonal antibodies. Clin Infect Dis. 59 Suppl 5:S360-4, 2014
Wattjes MP et al: MRI pattern in asymptomatic natalizumab-associated PML. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 86(7):793-8, 2014
Zanoni BC et al: Update on opportunistic infections in the era of effective antiretroviral therapy. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 28(3):501-18, 2014
Shah R et al: Imaging manifestations of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin Radiol. 65(6):431-9, 2010
Boster A et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a comparative study. Arch Neurol. 66(5):593-9, 2009
Carson KR et al: Monoclonal antibody-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in patients treated with rituximab, natalizumab, and efalizumab: a review from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. Lancet Oncol. 10(8):816-24, 2009
Boren EJ et al: The emergence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in rheumatic diseases. J Autoimmun. 30(1-2):90-8, 2008
Bergui M et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: diffusion-weighted imaging and pathological correlations. Neuroradiology. 46(1):22-5, 2004
Thurnher MM et al: Initial and follow-up MR imaging findings in AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(5):977-84, 2001
Whiteman ML et al: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiology. 187(1):233-40, 1993
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