Hyperplasia is correct term since BPH is characterized by increased number of stromal and glandular cells (not hypertrophy, which means increase in size)
Definitions
BPH reserved for histopathologic pattern of smooth muscle and epithelial cell proliferation in transition zone (TZ) and periurethral glands [not in peripheral zone (PZ) where most cancers form]
Prostatism historically applied to almost all symptoms of micturition disorder in older men
Term implies prostate as cause of problem, which may not be case (e.g., neurologic abnormalities)
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) applies to any patient with urinary symptoms, regardless of age or sex; does not specify underlying etiology
Storage LUTS: Frequency, urgency, nocturia
Voiding LUTS: Hesitancy, straining, slow stream, intermittent or interrupted flow, terminal dribbling, sensation of incomplete emptying
Benign prostate enlargement (BPE): Usually presumptive diagnosis based on prostate size
Benign prostate obstruction (BPO): Enlarged gland with obstruction that has been proven by urodynamics
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO): Generic term for any cause of subvesical obstruction, including BPO
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Roehrborn C et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and natural history. In Partin A et al: Urology. 12th ed. Elsevier. 3305-42, 2021
Mock S et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and related entities. In Hanno P et al: PENN Clinical Manual of Urology. 2nd ed. Saunders. 462-504, 2014
Wasserman NF: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review and ultrasound classification. Radiol Clin North Am. 44(5):689-710, viii, 2006
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Prostatism; glandular and stromal hyperplasia
Hyperplasia is correct term since BPH is characterized by increased number of stromal and glandular cells (not hypertrophy, which means increase in size)
Definitions
BPH reserved for histopathologic pattern of smooth muscle and epithelial cell proliferation in transition zone (TZ) and periurethral glands [not in peripheral zone (PZ) where most cancers form]
Prostatism historically applied to almost all symptoms of micturition disorder in older men
Term implies prostate as cause of problem, which may not be case (e.g., neurologic abnormalities)
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) applies to any patient with urinary symptoms, regardless of age or sex; does not specify underlying etiology
Storage LUTS: Frequency, urgency, nocturia
Voiding LUTS: Hesitancy, straining, slow stream, intermittent or interrupted flow, terminal dribbling, sensation of incomplete emptying
Benign prostate enlargement (BPE): Usually presumptive diagnosis based on prostate size
Benign prostate obstruction (BPO): Enlarged gland with obstruction that has been proven by urodynamics
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO): Generic term for any cause of subvesical obstruction, including BPO
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Roehrborn C et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and natural history. In Partin A et al: Urology. 12th ed. Elsevier. 3305-42, 2021
Mock S et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and related entities. In Hanno P et al: PENN Clinical Manual of Urology. 2nd ed. Saunders. 462-504, 2014
Wasserman NF: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review and ultrasound classification. Radiol Clin North Am. 44(5):689-710, viii, 2006
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