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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Prostatism; glandular and stromal hyperplasia
- Hyperplasia is correct term since BPH is characterized by increased number of stromal and glandular cells (not hypertrophy, which means increase in size)
Definitions
- BPH reserved for histopathologic pattern of smooth muscle and epithelial cell proliferation in transition zone (TZ) and periurethral glands [not in peripheral zone (PZ) where most cancers form]
- Prostatism historically applied to almost all symptoms of micturition disorder in older men
- Term implies prostate as cause of problem, which may not be case (e.g., neurologic abnormalities)
- Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) applies to any patient with urinary symptoms, regardless of age or sex; does not specify underlying etiology
- Storage LUTS: Frequency, urgency, nocturia
- Voiding LUTS: Hesitancy, straining, slow stream, intermittent or interrupted flow, terminal dribbling, sensation of incomplete emptying
- Benign prostate enlargement (BPE): Usually presumptive diagnosis based on prostate size
- Benign prostate obstruction (BPO): Enlarged gland with obstruction that has been proven by urodynamics
- Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO): Generic term for any cause of subvesical obstruction, including BPO
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Roehrborn C et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and natural history. In Partin A et al: Urology. 12th ed. Elsevier. 3305-42, 2021
- Mock S et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and related entities. In Hanno P et al: PENN Clinical Manual of Urology. 2nd ed. Saunders. 462-504, 2014
- Wasserman NF: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review and ultrasound classification. Radiol Clin North Am. 44(5):689-710, viii, 2006
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Prostatism; glandular and stromal hyperplasia
- Hyperplasia is correct term since BPH is characterized by increased number of stromal and glandular cells (not hypertrophy, which means increase in size)
Definitions
- BPH reserved for histopathologic pattern of smooth muscle and epithelial cell proliferation in transition zone (TZ) and periurethral glands [not in peripheral zone (PZ) where most cancers form]
- Prostatism historically applied to almost all symptoms of micturition disorder in older men
- Term implies prostate as cause of problem, which may not be case (e.g., neurologic abnormalities)
- Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) applies to any patient with urinary symptoms, regardless of age or sex; does not specify underlying etiology
- Storage LUTS: Frequency, urgency, nocturia
- Voiding LUTS: Hesitancy, straining, slow stream, intermittent or interrupted flow, terminal dribbling, sensation of incomplete emptying
- Benign prostate enlargement (BPE): Usually presumptive diagnosis based on prostate size
- Benign prostate obstruction (BPO): Enlarged gland with obstruction that has been proven by urodynamics
- Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO): Generic term for any cause of subvesical obstruction, including BPO
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Roehrborn C et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: etiology, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and natural history. In Partin A et al: Urology. 12th ed. Elsevier. 3305-42, 2021
- Mock S et al: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and related entities. In Hanno P et al: PENN Clinical Manual of Urology. 2nd ed. Saunders. 462-504, 2014
- Wasserman NF: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review and ultrasound classification. Radiol Clin North Am. 44(5):689-710, viii, 2006
