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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Pulmonary stenosis (PS)
Definitions
- Stenosis at level of infundibulum, pulmonary valve, supravalvar main pulmonary artery, or branches of pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary valvar stenosis is most common (> 90%)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Newman B et al: Congenital central pulmonary artery anomalies: part 1. Pediatr Radiol. 50(8):1022-9, 2020
- Newman B et al: Congenital central pulmonary artery anomalies: part 2. Pediatr Radiol. 50(8):1030-40, 2020
- Abdel Razek AAK et al: Imaging of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 43(6):906-11, 2019
- Collins RT 2nd et al: Real-time transthoracic vector flow imaging of the heart in pediatric patients. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 53:28-36, 2019
- Escalon JG et al: Congenital anomalies of the pulmonary arteries: an imaging overview. Br J Radiol. 92(1093):20180185, 2019
- Mouws EMJP et al: Tetralogy of Fallot in the current era. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 31(3):496-504, 2019
- Alkashkari W et al: Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: current state of art. Curr Cardiol Rep. 20(4):27, 2018
- Pignatelli RH et al: Imaging of the pulmonary valve in the adults. Curr Opin Cardiol. 32(5):529-40, 2017
- Roberts WC et al: Full development of consequences of congenital pulmonic stenosis in eighty-four years. Am J Cardiol. 119(8):1284-7, 2017
- Jonas SN et al: Pulmonary valve anatomy and abnormalities: a pictorial essay of radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Thorac Imaging. 31(1):W4-12, 2016
- Massoud I et al: Restrictive right ventricular performance assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance after balloon valvuloplasty of critical pulmonary valve stenosis. Cardiol Young. 1-13, 2015
- Shin YR et al: Pulmonary valve cusp augmentation for pulmonary regurgitation after repair of valvular pulmonary stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 99(3):e57-8, 2015
- Rajiah P et al: CT and MRI of pulmonary valvular abnormalities. Clin Radiol. 69(6):630-8, 2014
- Ahmed S et al: Role of multidetector CT in assessment of repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Radiographics. 33(4):1023-36, 2013
- Myerson SG: Valvular and hemodynamic assessment with CMR. Heart Fail Clin. 5(3):389-400, vi-vii, 2009
- Wang XM et al: Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Radiol. 64(2):296-301, 2007
- Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Braunwald E: Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2001
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Pulmonary stenosis (PS)
Definitions
- Stenosis at level of infundibulum, pulmonary valve, supravalvar main pulmonary artery, or branches of pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary valvar stenosis is most common (> 90%)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Newman B et al: Congenital central pulmonary artery anomalies: part 1. Pediatr Radiol. 50(8):1022-9, 2020
- Newman B et al: Congenital central pulmonary artery anomalies: part 2. Pediatr Radiol. 50(8):1030-40, 2020
- Abdel Razek AAK et al: Imaging of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 43(6):906-11, 2019
- Collins RT 2nd et al: Real-time transthoracic vector flow imaging of the heart in pediatric patients. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 53:28-36, 2019
- Escalon JG et al: Congenital anomalies of the pulmonary arteries: an imaging overview. Br J Radiol. 92(1093):20180185, 2019
- Mouws EMJP et al: Tetralogy of Fallot in the current era. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 31(3):496-504, 2019
- Alkashkari W et al: Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: current state of art. Curr Cardiol Rep. 20(4):27, 2018
- Pignatelli RH et al: Imaging of the pulmonary valve in the adults. Curr Opin Cardiol. 32(5):529-40, 2017
- Roberts WC et al: Full development of consequences of congenital pulmonic stenosis in eighty-four years. Am J Cardiol. 119(8):1284-7, 2017
- Jonas SN et al: Pulmonary valve anatomy and abnormalities: a pictorial essay of radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Thorac Imaging. 31(1):W4-12, 2016
- Massoud I et al: Restrictive right ventricular performance assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance after balloon valvuloplasty of critical pulmonary valve stenosis. Cardiol Young. 1-13, 2015
- Shin YR et al: Pulmonary valve cusp augmentation for pulmonary regurgitation after repair of valvular pulmonary stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 99(3):e57-8, 2015
- Rajiah P et al: CT and MRI of pulmonary valvular abnormalities. Clin Radiol. 69(6):630-8, 2014
- Ahmed S et al: Role of multidetector CT in assessment of repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Radiographics. 33(4):1023-36, 2013
- Myerson SG: Valvular and hemodynamic assessment with CMR. Heart Fail Clin. 5(3):389-400, vi-vii, 2009
- Wang XM et al: Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Radiol. 64(2):296-301, 2007
- Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Braunwald E: Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2001
