Stenosis at level of infundibulum, pulmonary valve, supravalvar main pulmonary artery, or branches of pulmonary artery
Pulmonary valvar stenosis is most common (> 90%)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Newman B et al: Congenital central pulmonary artery anomalies: part 1. Pediatr Radiol. 50(8):1022-9, 2020
Newman B et al: Congenital central pulmonary artery anomalies: part 2. Pediatr Radiol. 50(8):1030-40, 2020
Abdel Razek AAK et al: Imaging of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 43(6):906-11, 2019
Collins RT 2nd et al: Real-time transthoracic vector flow imaging of the heart in pediatric patients. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 53:28-36, 2019
Escalon JG et al: Congenital anomalies of the pulmonary arteries: an imaging overview. Br J Radiol. 92(1093):20180185, 2019
Mouws EMJP et al: Tetralogy of Fallot in the current era. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 31(3):496-504, 2019
Alkashkari W et al: Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: current state of art. Curr Cardiol Rep. 20(4):27, 2018
Pignatelli RH et al: Imaging of the pulmonary valve in the adults. Curr Opin Cardiol. 32(5):529-40, 2017
Roberts WC et al: Full development of consequences of congenital pulmonic stenosis in eighty-four years. Am J Cardiol. 119(8):1284-7, 2017
Jonas SN et al: Pulmonary valve anatomy and abnormalities: a pictorial essay of radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Thorac Imaging. 31(1):W4-12, 2016
Massoud I et al: Restrictive right ventricular performance assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance after balloon valvuloplasty of critical pulmonary valve stenosis. Cardiol Young. 1-13, 2015
Shin YR et al: Pulmonary valve cusp augmentation for pulmonary regurgitation after repair of valvular pulmonary stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 99(3):e57-8, 2015
Rajiah P et al: CT and MRI of pulmonary valvular abnormalities. Clin Radiol. 69(6):630-8, 2014
Ahmed S et al: Role of multidetector CT in assessment of repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Radiographics. 33(4):1023-36, 2013
Myerson SG: Valvular and hemodynamic assessment with CMR. Heart Fail Clin. 5(3):389-400, vi-vii, 2009
Wang XM et al: Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Radiol. 64(2):296-301, 2007
Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Braunwald E: Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2001
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Pulmonary stenosis (PS)
Definitions
Stenosis at level of infundibulum, pulmonary valve, supravalvar main pulmonary artery, or branches of pulmonary artery
Pulmonary valvar stenosis is most common (> 90%)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Newman B et al: Congenital central pulmonary artery anomalies: part 1. Pediatr Radiol. 50(8):1022-9, 2020
Newman B et al: Congenital central pulmonary artery anomalies: part 2. Pediatr Radiol. 50(8):1030-40, 2020
Abdel Razek AAK et al: Imaging of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 43(6):906-11, 2019
Collins RT 2nd et al: Real-time transthoracic vector flow imaging of the heart in pediatric patients. Prog Pediatr Cardiol. 53:28-36, 2019
Escalon JG et al: Congenital anomalies of the pulmonary arteries: an imaging overview. Br J Radiol. 92(1093):20180185, 2019
Mouws EMJP et al: Tetralogy of Fallot in the current era. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 31(3):496-504, 2019
Alkashkari W et al: Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement: current state of art. Curr Cardiol Rep. 20(4):27, 2018
Pignatelli RH et al: Imaging of the pulmonary valve in the adults. Curr Opin Cardiol. 32(5):529-40, 2017
Roberts WC et al: Full development of consequences of congenital pulmonic stenosis in eighty-four years. Am J Cardiol. 119(8):1284-7, 2017
Jonas SN et al: Pulmonary valve anatomy and abnormalities: a pictorial essay of radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Thorac Imaging. 31(1):W4-12, 2016
Massoud I et al: Restrictive right ventricular performance assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance after balloon valvuloplasty of critical pulmonary valve stenosis. Cardiol Young. 1-13, 2015
Shin YR et al: Pulmonary valve cusp augmentation for pulmonary regurgitation after repair of valvular pulmonary stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 99(3):e57-8, 2015
Rajiah P et al: CT and MRI of pulmonary valvular abnormalities. Clin Radiol. 69(6):630-8, 2014
Ahmed S et al: Role of multidetector CT in assessment of repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Radiographics. 33(4):1023-36, 2013
Myerson SG: Valvular and hemodynamic assessment with CMR. Heart Fail Clin. 5(3):389-400, vi-vii, 2009
Wang XM et al: Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. Eur J Radiol. 64(2):296-301, 2007
Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Braunwald E: Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2001
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