↑ risk with ↑ severity of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
May follow lung transplantation
Drowning pulmonary edema
Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema
Other causes of pulmonary edema with complex physiology
Pulmonary embolism
Immersion pulmonary edema
Tocolytic therapy to delay premature delivery, preeclampsia, eclampsia
IMAGING
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Barile M: Pulmonary edema: a pictorial review of imaging manifestations and current understanding of mechanisms of disease. Eur J Radiol Open. 7:100274, 2020
Tsuchiya N et al: Imaging findings of pulmonary edema: part 1. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Radiol. 61(2):184-94, 2020
Tsuchiya N et al: Imaging findings of pulmonary edema: part 2. Infrequent or unusual pulmonary edema with definitive imaging findings. Acta Radiol. 61(2):195-203, 2020
Dobbe L et al: Cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Am J Med Sci. 358(6):389-97, 2019
Assaad S et al: Assessment of pulmonary edema: principles and practice. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 32(2):901-14, 2018
Liu XY et al: Predicting cardiogenic pulmonary edema in heart failure patients by using an N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) -based score. Clin Chim Acta. 480:26-33, 2018
Martindale JL et al: Diagnosing acute heart failure in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 23(3):223-42, 2016
Bentz MR et al: Intensive care unit imaging. Clin Chest Med. 36(2):219-34, 2015
Vlaar AP et al: Transfusion-related acute lung injury: a clinical review. Lancet. 382(9896):984-94, 2013
Sakellaridis T et al: Re-expansion pulmonary edema in a patient with total pneumothorax: a hazardous outcome. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 60(9):614-7, 2012
Chatterjee K. The Swan-Ganz catheters: past et al: a viewpoint. Circulation. 2009 Jan 6;119(1):147-52. Erratum in: Circulation. 119(21):e548, 2009
Evans DC et al: Complications associated with pulmonary artery catheters: a comprehensive clinical review. Scand J Surg. 98(4):199-208, 2009
Wang CS et al: Does this dyspneic patient in the emergency department have congestive heart failure? JAMA. 294(15):1944-56, 2005
Ware LB et al: Clinical practice. acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 353(26):2788-96, 2005
Gehlbach BK et al: The pulmonary manifestations of left heart failure. Chest. 125(2):669-82, 2004
Gluecker T et al: Clinical and radiologic features of pulmonary edema. Radiographics. 19(6):1507-31; discussion 1532-3, 1999
Woolley K et al: Pulmonary parenchymal manifestations of mitral valve disease. Radiographics. 19(4):965-72, 1999
Ketai LH et al: A new view of pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Thorac Imaging. 13(3):147-71, 1998
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Pulmonary edema: Abnormal accumulation of extravascular lung water
↑ risk with ↑ severity of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
May follow lung transplantation
Drowning pulmonary edema
Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema
Other causes of pulmonary edema with complex physiology
Pulmonary embolism
Immersion pulmonary edema
Tocolytic therapy to delay premature delivery, preeclampsia, eclampsia
IMAGING
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Barile M: Pulmonary edema: a pictorial review of imaging manifestations and current understanding of mechanisms of disease. Eur J Radiol Open. 7:100274, 2020
Tsuchiya N et al: Imaging findings of pulmonary edema: part 1. Cardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Radiol. 61(2):184-94, 2020
Tsuchiya N et al: Imaging findings of pulmonary edema: part 2. Infrequent or unusual pulmonary edema with definitive imaging findings. Acta Radiol. 61(2):195-203, 2020
Dobbe L et al: Cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Am J Med Sci. 358(6):389-97, 2019
Assaad S et al: Assessment of pulmonary edema: principles and practice. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 32(2):901-14, 2018
Liu XY et al: Predicting cardiogenic pulmonary edema in heart failure patients by using an N-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) -based score. Clin Chim Acta. 480:26-33, 2018
Martindale JL et al: Diagnosing acute heart failure in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 23(3):223-42, 2016
Bentz MR et al: Intensive care unit imaging. Clin Chest Med. 36(2):219-34, 2015
Vlaar AP et al: Transfusion-related acute lung injury: a clinical review. Lancet. 382(9896):984-94, 2013
Sakellaridis T et al: Re-expansion pulmonary edema in a patient with total pneumothorax: a hazardous outcome. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 60(9):614-7, 2012
Chatterjee K. The Swan-Ganz catheters: past et al: a viewpoint. Circulation. 2009 Jan 6;119(1):147-52. Erratum in: Circulation. 119(21):e548, 2009
Evans DC et al: Complications associated with pulmonary artery catheters: a comprehensive clinical review. Scand J Surg. 98(4):199-208, 2009
Wang CS et al: Does this dyspneic patient in the emergency department have congestive heart failure? JAMA. 294(15):1944-56, 2005
Ware LB et al: Clinical practice. acute pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 353(26):2788-96, 2005
Gehlbach BK et al: The pulmonary manifestations of left heart failure. Chest. 125(2):669-82, 2004
Gluecker T et al: Clinical and radiologic features of pulmonary edema. Radiographics. 19(6):1507-31; discussion 1532-3, 1999
Woolley K et al: Pulmonary parenchymal manifestations of mitral valve disease. Radiographics. 19(4):965-72, 1999
Ketai LH et al: A new view of pulmonary edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Thorac Imaging. 13(3):147-71, 1998
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