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Cardiac
Diagnosis
Valvular
Pulmonary Stenosis
Pulmonary Stenosis
Brett W. Carter, MD, CPPS; Prabhakar Rajiah, MBBS, MD, FRCR, FSCMR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Pulmonary stenosis (PS)

            • Definitions

              • Lesion resulting in obstruction of pulmonary valve and poststenotic dilatation of pulmonary trunk and left pulmonary artery

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Echocardiographic Findings

                      • Angiographic Findings

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                • Microscopic Features

                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                  • Presentation

                                    • Demographics

                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                        • Treatment

                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                          • Consider

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Pignatelli RH et al: Imaging of the pulmonary valve in the adults. Curr Opin Cardiol. 32(5):529-40, 2017
                                            2. Nishimura RA et al: 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 129(23):2440-92, 2014
                                            3. Rajiah P et al: CT and MRI of pulmonary valvular abnormalities. Clin Radiol. 69(6):630-8, 2014
                                            4. Saremi F et al: CT and MR imaging of the pulmonary valve. Radiographics. 34(1):51-71, 2014
                                            5. Harrild DM et al: Long-term pulmonary regurgitation following balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis risk factors and relationship to exercise capacity and ventricular volume and function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 55(10):1041-7, 2010
                                            6. Baumgartner H et al: Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Jan;22(1):1-23; quiz 101-2. Erratum in: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 22(5):442, 2009
                                            7. Ryan R et al: Cardiac valve disease: spectrum of findings on cardiac 64-MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(5):W294-303, 2008
                                            8. Castañer E et al: Congenital and acquired pulmonary artery anomalies in the adult: radiologic overview. Radiographics. 26(2):349-71, 2006
                                            9. Hwang YJ et al: Severe pulmonary artery stenosis by a calcified pericardial ring. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 29(4):619-21, 2006
                                            10. Gielen H et al: Natural history of congenital pulmonary valvar stenosis: an echo and Doppler cardiographic study. Cardiol Young. 9(2):129-35, 1999
                                            11. Gikonyo BM et al: Anatomic features of congenital pulmonary valvar stenosis. Pediatr Cardiol. 8(2):109-16, 1987
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Pathology

                                                    • Clinical Issues

                                                      TERMINOLOGY

                                                      • Abbreviations

                                                        • Pulmonary stenosis (PS)

                                                      • Definitions

                                                        • Lesion resulting in obstruction of pulmonary valve and poststenotic dilatation of pulmonary trunk and left pulmonary artery

                                                      IMAGING

                                                      • General Features

                                                        • Radiographic Findings

                                                          • CT Findings

                                                            • MR Findings

                                                              • Echocardiographic Findings

                                                                • Angiographic Findings

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • General Features

                                                                      • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                          • Microscopic Features

                                                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                            • Presentation

                                                                              • Demographics

                                                                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                    • Consider

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Pignatelli RH et al: Imaging of the pulmonary valve in the adults. Curr Opin Cardiol. 32(5):529-40, 2017
                                                                                      2. Nishimura RA et al: 2014 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 129(23):2440-92, 2014
                                                                                      3. Rajiah P et al: CT and MRI of pulmonary valvular abnormalities. Clin Radiol. 69(6):630-8, 2014
                                                                                      4. Saremi F et al: CT and MR imaging of the pulmonary valve. Radiographics. 34(1):51-71, 2014
                                                                                      5. Harrild DM et al: Long-term pulmonary regurgitation following balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis risk factors and relationship to exercise capacity and ventricular volume and function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 55(10):1041-7, 2010
                                                                                      6. Baumgartner H et al: Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2009 Jan;22(1):1-23; quiz 101-2. Erratum in: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 22(5):442, 2009
                                                                                      7. Ryan R et al: Cardiac valve disease: spectrum of findings on cardiac 64-MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(5):W294-303, 2008
                                                                                      8. Castañer E et al: Congenital and acquired pulmonary artery anomalies in the adult: radiologic overview. Radiographics. 26(2):349-71, 2006
                                                                                      9. Hwang YJ et al: Severe pulmonary artery stenosis by a calcified pericardial ring. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 29(4):619-21, 2006
                                                                                      10. Gielen H et al: Natural history of congenital pulmonary valvar stenosis: an echo and Doppler cardiographic study. Cardiol Young. 9(2):129-35, 1999
                                                                                      11. Gikonyo BM et al: Anatomic features of congenital pulmonary valvar stenosis. Pediatr Cardiol. 8(2):109-16, 1987