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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Punctate: Subset of round calcifications (Ca⁺⁺) < 0.5 mm
Group: ≥ 5 Ca⁺⁺ within 1 cm of each other, or more Ca⁺⁺ within 2 cm, but not in linear distribution
Round: Term typically used for Ca⁺⁺ ≥ 0.5 mm
IMAGING
General Features
Mammographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Falkner NM et al: Added value of second biopsy target in screen-detected widespread suspicious breast calcifications. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 62(3):299-306, 2018
Bennani-Baiti B et al: MR imaging for diagnosis of malignancy in mammographic microcalcifications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 283(3):692-701, 2017
Kaltenbach B et al: A matrix of morphology and distribution of calcifications in the breast: Analysis of 849 vacuum-assisted biopsies. Eur J Radiol. 86:221-226, 2017
Sickles EA et al. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BI-RADS: Mammography. 5th ed. Reston: American College of Radiology, 2013
Demetri-Lewis A et al: Breast calcifications: the focal group. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198:W325-43, 2012
Bent CK et al: The positive predictive value of BI-RADS microcalcification descriptors and final assessment categories. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(5):1378-83, 2010
Burnside ES et al: Use of microcalcification descriptors in BI-RADS 4th edition to stratify risk of malignancy. Radiology. 242(2):388-95, 2007
D'Orsi CJ et al: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: BI-RADS: Mammography. 4th ed. Reston: American College of Radiology, 2003
Lawenda BD et al: Dose-volume analysis of radiotherapy for T1N0 invasive breast cancer treated by local excision and partial breast irradiation by low-dose-rate interstitial implant. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 56(3):671-80, 2003
Schnitt SJ et al: Columnar cell lesions of the breast. Adv Anat Pathol. 10(3):113-24, 2003
Jackman RJ et al: Stereotactic breast biopsy of nonpalpable lesions: determinants of ductal carcinoma in situ underestimation rates. Radiology. 218(2):497-502, 2001
Berg WA et al: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: inter- and intraobserver variability in feature analysis and final assessment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(6):1769-77, 2000
Liberman L et al: The breast imaging reporting and data system: positive predictive value of mammographic features and final assessment categories. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(1):35-40, 1998
Selim A et al: Microscopic localization of calcifications in and around breast carcinoma: a cautionary note for needle core biopsies. Ann Surg. 228(1):95-8, 1998
Jackman RJ et al: Atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed at stereotactic breast biopsy: improved reliability with 14-gauge, directional, vacuum-assisted biopsy. Radiology. 204(2):485-8, 1997
Roubidoux MA et al: Women with breast cancer: histologic findings in the contralateral breast. Radiology. 203(3):691-4, 1997
Baker JA et al: Breast imaging reporting and data system standardized mammography lexicon: observer variability in lesion description. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 166(4):773-8, 1996
D'Orsi CJ et al: Mammographic feature analysis. Semin Roentgenol. 28(3):204-30, 1993
Homer MJ et al: The relationship of mammographic microcalcification to histologic malignancy: radiologic-pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 153(6):1187-9, 1989
Berkowitz JE et al: Dermal breast calcifications: localization with template-guided placement of skin marker. Radiology. 163(1):282, 1987
Sickles EA: Breast calcifications: mammographic evaluation. Radiology. 160(2):289-93, 1986
Colbassani HJ Jr et al: Mammographic and pathologic correlation of microcalcification in disease of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 155(5):689-96, 1982
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Punctate: Subset of round calcifications (Ca⁺⁺) < 0.5 mm
Group: ≥ 5 Ca⁺⁺ within 1 cm of each other, or more Ca⁺⁺ within 2 cm, but not in linear distribution
Round: Term typically used for Ca⁺⁺ ≥ 0.5 mm
IMAGING
General Features
Mammographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
Nuclear Medicine Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Falkner NM et al: Added value of second biopsy target in screen-detected widespread suspicious breast calcifications. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 62(3):299-306, 2018
Bennani-Baiti B et al: MR imaging for diagnosis of malignancy in mammographic microcalcifications: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 283(3):692-701, 2017
Kaltenbach B et al: A matrix of morphology and distribution of calcifications in the breast: Analysis of 849 vacuum-assisted biopsies. Eur J Radiol. 86:221-226, 2017
Sickles EA et al. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, BI-RADS: Mammography. 5th ed. Reston: American College of Radiology, 2013
Demetri-Lewis A et al: Breast calcifications: the focal group. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198:W325-43, 2012
Bent CK et al: The positive predictive value of BI-RADS microcalcification descriptors and final assessment categories. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(5):1378-83, 2010
Burnside ES et al: Use of microcalcification descriptors in BI-RADS 4th edition to stratify risk of malignancy. Radiology. 242(2):388-95, 2007
D'Orsi CJ et al: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: BI-RADS: Mammography. 4th ed. Reston: American College of Radiology, 2003
Lawenda BD et al: Dose-volume analysis of radiotherapy for T1N0 invasive breast cancer treated by local excision and partial breast irradiation by low-dose-rate interstitial implant. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 56(3):671-80, 2003
Schnitt SJ et al: Columnar cell lesions of the breast. Adv Anat Pathol. 10(3):113-24, 2003
Jackman RJ et al: Stereotactic breast biopsy of nonpalpable lesions: determinants of ductal carcinoma in situ underestimation rates. Radiology. 218(2):497-502, 2001
Berg WA et al: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: inter- and intraobserver variability in feature analysis and final assessment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 174(6):1769-77, 2000
Liberman L et al: The breast imaging reporting and data system: positive predictive value of mammographic features and final assessment categories. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 171(1):35-40, 1998
Selim A et al: Microscopic localization of calcifications in and around breast carcinoma: a cautionary note for needle core biopsies. Ann Surg. 228(1):95-8, 1998
Jackman RJ et al: Atypical ductal hyperplasia diagnosed at stereotactic breast biopsy: improved reliability with 14-gauge, directional, vacuum-assisted biopsy. Radiology. 204(2):485-8, 1997
Roubidoux MA et al: Women with breast cancer: histologic findings in the contralateral breast. Radiology. 203(3):691-4, 1997
Baker JA et al: Breast imaging reporting and data system standardized mammography lexicon: observer variability in lesion description. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 166(4):773-8, 1996
D'Orsi CJ et al: Mammographic feature analysis. Semin Roentgenol. 28(3):204-30, 1993
Homer MJ et al: The relationship of mammographic microcalcification to histologic malignancy: radiologic-pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 153(6):1187-9, 1989
Berkowitz JE et al: Dermal breast calcifications: localization with template-guided placement of skin marker. Radiology. 163(1):282, 1987
Sickles EA: Breast calcifications: mammographic evaluation. Radiology. 160(2):289-93, 1986
Colbassani HJ Jr et al: Mammographic and pathologic correlation of microcalcification in disease of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 155(5):689-96, 1982
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