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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Radiation-induced plexitis (RIP), radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF)
Definitions
- Postradiation brachial plexus (BP) or lumbosacral plexus (LSP) inflammation
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Warade AC et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexus neuropathy: a review. Neurol India. 67(Supplement):S47-52, 2019
- Chang EI et al: Microneurosurgical treatment options in peripheral nerve compression syndromes after chemotherapy and radiation treatment. J Surg Oncol. 118(5):793-9, 2018
- Sood SS et al: Brachial plexopathy after stereotactic body radiation therapy for apical lung cancer: dosimetric analysis and preliminary clinical outcomes. Adv Radiat Oncol. 3(1):81-6, 2018
- Cai Z et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective study. Oncotarget. 7(14):18887-95, 2016
- Chen AM et al: Dose--volume modeling of brachial plexus-associated neuropathy after radiation therapy for head-and-neck cancer: findings from a prospective screening protocol. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 88(4):771-7, 2014
- Eblan MJ et al: Brachial plexopathy in apical non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive radiation: dosimetric analysis and clinical implications. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 85(1):175-81, 2013
- Pradat PF et al: Late radiation injury to peripheral nerves. Handb Clin Neurol. 115:743-58, 2013
- Chen AM et al: Brachial plexus-associated neuropathy after high-dose radiation therapy for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 84(1):165-9, 2012
- Delanian S et al: Radiation-induced neuropathy in cancer survivors. Radiother Oncol. 105(3):273-82, 2012
- Du R et al: Magnetic resonance neurography for the evaluation of peripheral nerve, brachial plexus, and nerve root disorders. J Neurosurg. 112(2):362-71, 2010
- Gosk J et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexus neuropathy - aetiopathogenesis, risk factors, differential diagnostics, symptoms and treatment. Folia Neuropathol. 45(1):26-30, 2007
- Mullins GM et al: Non-traumatic brachial plexopathies, clinical, radiological and neurophysiological findings from a tertiary centre. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 109(8):661-6, 2007
- Teixeira MJ et al: Dorsal root entry zone lesions for treatment of pain-related to radiation-induced plexopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(10):E316-9, 2007
- Dahele M et al: Radiation-induced lumbo-sacral plexopathy (RILSP): an important enigma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 18(5):427-8, 2006
- Luthra K et al: F-18 FDG PET-CT appearance of metastatic brachial plexopathy in a case of carcinoma of the breast. Clin Nucl Med. 31(7):432-4, 2006
- Bajrovic A et al: Is there a life-long risk of brachial plexopathy after radiotherapy of supraclavicular lymph nodes in breast cancer patients? Radiother Oncol. 71(3):297-301, 2004
- Hoeller U et al: Radiation-induced plexopathy and fibrosis. Is magnetic resonance imaging the adequate diagnostic tool? Strahlenther Onkol. 180(10):650-4, 2004
- Jaeckle KA: Neurological manifestations of neoplastic and radiation-induced plexopathies. Semin Neurol. 24(4):385-93, 2004
- Schierle C et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy: review. Complication without a cure. J Reconstr Microsurg. 20(2):149-52, 2004
- Fathers E et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy in women treated for carcinoma of the breast. Clin Rehabil. 16(2):160-5, 2002
- Ferrante MA et al: Electrodiagnostic approach to the patient with suspected brachial plexopathy. Neurol Clin. 20(2):423-50, 2002
- Johansson S et al: Dose response and latency for radiation-induced fibrosis, edema, and neuropathy in breast cancer patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 52(5):1207-19, 2002
- Lu L et al: Diagnosis and operative treatment of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy. Chin J Traumatol. 5(6):329-32, 2002
- Zingale A et al: Metastatic breast cancer delayed brachial plexopathy. A brief case report. J Neurosurg Sci. 46(3-4):147-9, 2002
- Cros D: Peripheral Neuropathy. 1st ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 185-7; 2001
- Rubin DI et al: Arteritis and brachial plexus neuropathy as delayed complications of radiation therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 76(8):849-52, 2001
- Churn M et al: Early onset of bilateral brachial plexopathy during mantle radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 12(5):289-91, 2000
- Johansson S et al: Brachial plexopathy after postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer patients--a long-term follow-up. Acta Oncol. 39(3):373-82, 2000
- Johansson S et al: Timescale of evolution of late radiation injury after postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 48(3):745-50, 2000
- Qayyum A et al: Symptomatic brachial plexopathy following treatment for breast cancer: utility of MR imaging with surface-coil techniques. Radiology. 214(3):837-42, 2000
- Wittenberg KH et al: MR imaging of nontraumatic brachial plexopathies: frequency and spectrum of findings. Radiographics. 20(4):1023-32, 2000
- Abu-Rustum NR et al: Acute lower extremity paralysis following radiation therapy for cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 75(1):152-4, 1999
- Wadd NJ et al: Brachial plexus neuropathy following mantle radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 10(6):399-400, 1998
- Wouter van Es H et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy: MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 26(5):284-8, 1997
- Bowen BC et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy: MR and clinical findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(10):1932-6, 1996
- Iyer RB et al: MR imaging of the treated brachial plexus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(1):225-9, 1996
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Radiation-induced plexitis (RIP), radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF)
Definitions
- Postradiation brachial plexus (BP) or lumbosacral plexus (LSP) inflammation
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Warade AC et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexus neuropathy: a review. Neurol India. 67(Supplement):S47-52, 2019
- Chang EI et al: Microneurosurgical treatment options in peripheral nerve compression syndromes after chemotherapy and radiation treatment. J Surg Oncol. 118(5):793-9, 2018
- Sood SS et al: Brachial plexopathy after stereotactic body radiation therapy for apical lung cancer: dosimetric analysis and preliminary clinical outcomes. Adv Radiat Oncol. 3(1):81-6, 2018
- Cai Z et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective study. Oncotarget. 7(14):18887-95, 2016
- Chen AM et al: Dose--volume modeling of brachial plexus-associated neuropathy after radiation therapy for head-and-neck cancer: findings from a prospective screening protocol. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 88(4):771-7, 2014
- Eblan MJ et al: Brachial plexopathy in apical non-small cell lung cancer treated with definitive radiation: dosimetric analysis and clinical implications. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 85(1):175-81, 2013
- Pradat PF et al: Late radiation injury to peripheral nerves. Handb Clin Neurol. 115:743-58, 2013
- Chen AM et al: Brachial plexus-associated neuropathy after high-dose radiation therapy for head-and-neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 84(1):165-9, 2012
- Delanian S et al: Radiation-induced neuropathy in cancer survivors. Radiother Oncol. 105(3):273-82, 2012
- Du R et al: Magnetic resonance neurography for the evaluation of peripheral nerve, brachial plexus, and nerve root disorders. J Neurosurg. 112(2):362-71, 2010
- Gosk J et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexus neuropathy - aetiopathogenesis, risk factors, differential diagnostics, symptoms and treatment. Folia Neuropathol. 45(1):26-30, 2007
- Mullins GM et al: Non-traumatic brachial plexopathies, clinical, radiological and neurophysiological findings from a tertiary centre. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 109(8):661-6, 2007
- Teixeira MJ et al: Dorsal root entry zone lesions for treatment of pain-related to radiation-induced plexopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(10):E316-9, 2007
- Dahele M et al: Radiation-induced lumbo-sacral plexopathy (RILSP): an important enigma. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 18(5):427-8, 2006
- Luthra K et al: F-18 FDG PET-CT appearance of metastatic brachial plexopathy in a case of carcinoma of the breast. Clin Nucl Med. 31(7):432-4, 2006
- Bajrovic A et al: Is there a life-long risk of brachial plexopathy after radiotherapy of supraclavicular lymph nodes in breast cancer patients? Radiother Oncol. 71(3):297-301, 2004
- Hoeller U et al: Radiation-induced plexopathy and fibrosis. Is magnetic resonance imaging the adequate diagnostic tool? Strahlenther Onkol. 180(10):650-4, 2004
- Jaeckle KA: Neurological manifestations of neoplastic and radiation-induced plexopathies. Semin Neurol. 24(4):385-93, 2004
- Schierle C et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy: review. Complication without a cure. J Reconstr Microsurg. 20(2):149-52, 2004
- Fathers E et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy in women treated for carcinoma of the breast. Clin Rehabil. 16(2):160-5, 2002
- Ferrante MA et al: Electrodiagnostic approach to the patient with suspected brachial plexopathy. Neurol Clin. 20(2):423-50, 2002
- Johansson S et al: Dose response and latency for radiation-induced fibrosis, edema, and neuropathy in breast cancer patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 52(5):1207-19, 2002
- Lu L et al: Diagnosis and operative treatment of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy. Chin J Traumatol. 5(6):329-32, 2002
- Zingale A et al: Metastatic breast cancer delayed brachial plexopathy. A brief case report. J Neurosurg Sci. 46(3-4):147-9, 2002
- Cros D: Peripheral Neuropathy. 1st ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 185-7; 2001
- Rubin DI et al: Arteritis and brachial plexus neuropathy as delayed complications of radiation therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 76(8):849-52, 2001
- Churn M et al: Early onset of bilateral brachial plexopathy during mantle radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 12(5):289-91, 2000
- Johansson S et al: Brachial plexopathy after postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer patients--a long-term follow-up. Acta Oncol. 39(3):373-82, 2000
- Johansson S et al: Timescale of evolution of late radiation injury after postoperative radiotherapy of breast cancer patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 48(3):745-50, 2000
- Qayyum A et al: Symptomatic brachial plexopathy following treatment for breast cancer: utility of MR imaging with surface-coil techniques. Radiology. 214(3):837-42, 2000
- Wittenberg KH et al: MR imaging of nontraumatic brachial plexopathies: frequency and spectrum of findings. Radiographics. 20(4):1023-32, 2000
- Abu-Rustum NR et al: Acute lower extremity paralysis following radiation therapy for cervical cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 75(1):152-4, 1999
- Wadd NJ et al: Brachial plexus neuropathy following mantle radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 10(6):399-400, 1998
- Wouter van Es H et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy: MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol. 26(5):284-8, 1997
- Bowen BC et al: Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy: MR and clinical findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(10):1932-6, 1996
- Iyer RB et al: MR imaging of the treated brachial plexus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(1):225-9, 1996
