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Ultrasound
Diagnosis
Head and Neck
Lymph Nodes
Reactive Adenopathy
Reactive Adenopathy
Eunice Y. L. Dai, MBBS, FRCR; K. T. Wong, MBChB, FRCR; Anil T. Ahuja, MD, FRCR
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      TERMINOLOGY

      • Synonyms

        • Reactive adenopathy, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, nodal hyperplasia

      • Definitions

        • Reactive implies benign etiology
        • Benign, reversible enlargement of nodes in response to antigen stimulus
          • Nodal involvement may be acute or chronic, localized or generalized

      IMAGING

      • General Features

        • Ultrasonographic Findings

          • CT Findings

            • MR Findings

              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                    PATHOLOGY

                    • General Features

                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                      • Presentation

                        • Demographics

                          • Treatment

                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                            • Consider

                              Selected References

                              1. Ying M et al: Review of ultrasonography of malignant neck nodes: greyscale, Doppler, contrast enhancement and elastography. Cancer Imaging. 13(4):658-69, 2014
                              2. Sofferman RA et al: Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. USA: Springer, 211-228, 2012
                              3. Khanna R et al: Usefulness of ultrasonography for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy. World J Surg Oncol. 9:29, 2011
                              4. Annam V et al: Clinicopathologic profile of significant cervical lymphadenopathy in children aged 1-12 years. Acta Cytol. 53(2):174-8, 2009
                              5. Abdel-Galiil K et al: Incidence of sarcoidosis in head and neck cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 46(1):59-60, 2008
                              6. Chan JM et al: Ultrasonography of abnormal neck lymph nodes. Ultrasound Q. 23(1):47-54, 2007
                              7. Ahuja AT et al: Sonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 184(5):1691-9, 2005
                              8. Leung AK et al: Childhood cervical lymphadenopathy. J Pediatr Health Care. 18(1):3-7, 2004
                              9. Ahuja A et al: Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part II: abnormal lymph nodes. Clin Radiol. 58(5):359-66, 2003
                              10. Ishikawa M et al: MR imaging of lymph nodes in the head and neck. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 10(3):527-42, 2002
                              11. Ahuja AT et al: Distribution of intranodal vessels in differentiating benign from metastatic neck nodes. Clin Radiol. 56(3):197-201, 2001
                              12. Papakonstantinou O et al: High-resolution and color Doppler ultrasonography of cervical lymphadenopathy in children. Acta Radiol. 42(5):470-6, 2001
                              13. Hudgins PA: Nodal and nonnodal inflammatory processes of the pediatric neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 10(1):181-92, ix, 2000
                              Related Anatomy
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                              Related Differential Diagnoses
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                              References
                              Tables

                              Tables

                              KEY FACTS

                              • Imaging

                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                  • Synonyms

                                    • Reactive adenopathy, reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, nodal hyperplasia

                                  • Definitions

                                    • Reactive implies benign etiology
                                    • Benign, reversible enlargement of nodes in response to antigen stimulus
                                      • Nodal involvement may be acute or chronic, localized or generalized

                                  IMAGING

                                  • General Features

                                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                      • CT Findings

                                        • MR Findings

                                          • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                • General Features

                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                  • Presentation

                                                    • Demographics

                                                      • Treatment

                                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                        • Consider

                                                          Selected References

                                                          1. Ying M et al: Review of ultrasonography of malignant neck nodes: greyscale, Doppler, contrast enhancement and elastography. Cancer Imaging. 13(4):658-69, 2014
                                                          2. Sofferman RA et al: Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. USA: Springer, 211-228, 2012
                                                          3. Khanna R et al: Usefulness of ultrasonography for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy. World J Surg Oncol. 9:29, 2011
                                                          4. Annam V et al: Clinicopathologic profile of significant cervical lymphadenopathy in children aged 1-12 years. Acta Cytol. 53(2):174-8, 2009
                                                          5. Abdel-Galiil K et al: Incidence of sarcoidosis in head and neck cancer. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 46(1):59-60, 2008
                                                          6. Chan JM et al: Ultrasonography of abnormal neck lymph nodes. Ultrasound Q. 23(1):47-54, 2007
                                                          7. Ahuja AT et al: Sonographic evaluation of cervical lymph nodes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 184(5):1691-9, 2005
                                                          8. Leung AK et al: Childhood cervical lymphadenopathy. J Pediatr Health Care. 18(1):3-7, 2004
                                                          9. Ahuja A et al: Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part II: abnormal lymph nodes. Clin Radiol. 58(5):359-66, 2003
                                                          10. Ishikawa M et al: MR imaging of lymph nodes in the head and neck. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 10(3):527-42, 2002
                                                          11. Ahuja AT et al: Distribution of intranodal vessels in differentiating benign from metastatic neck nodes. Clin Radiol. 56(3):197-201, 2001
                                                          12. Papakonstantinou O et al: High-resolution and color Doppler ultrasonography of cervical lymphadenopathy in children. Acta Radiol. 42(5):470-6, 2001
                                                          13. Hudgins PA: Nodal and nonnodal inflammatory processes of the pediatric neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 10(1):181-92, ix, 2000