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KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Malignant transformation of rectal mucosa
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Attenberger UI et al: Reduced and standard field-of-view diffusion weighted imaging in patients with rectal cancer at 3 T-Comparison of image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient measurements. Eur J Radiol. 131:109257, 2020
- Keller DS: Staging of locally advanced rectal cancer beyond TME. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 33(5):258-67, 2020
- Lord AC et al: MRI-diagnosed tumour deposits and EMVI status have superior prognostic accuracy to current clinical TNM staging in rectal cancer. Ann Surg. ePub, 2020
- Santiago I et al: The split scar sign as an indicator of sustained complete response after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer. Eur Radiol. 30(1):224-38, 2020
- Xu H et al: Prediction model combining clinical and MR data for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging. ePub, 2020
- Hope TA et al: Rectal cancer lexicon: consensus statement from the society of abdominal radiology rectal & anal cancer disease-focused panel. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(11):3508-17, 2019
- Horvat N et al: MRI of rectal cancer: tumor staging, imaging techniques, and management. Radiographics. 39(2):367-87, 2019
- Benson AB et al: Rectal cancer, version 2.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 16(7):874-901, 2018
- Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer New York, 2017
- Lim SB et al: Nonoperative strategies for rectal cancer following a complete clinical response to preoperative chemoradiation: a few considerations. Oncology (Williston Park). 28(7):620-1, 2014
- Minsky BD et al: MRI-based treatment decision making for rectal cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 28(8):680-1, 2014
- Monson JR et al: Failure of evidence-based cancer care in the United States: the association between rectal cancer treatment, cancer center volume, and geography. Ann Surg. 260(4):625-31; discussion 631-2, 2014
- Winter D: Outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer with highly selective preoperative chemoradiotherapy--editor's comments. Br J Surg. 101(10):1298, 2014
- Patel UB et al: Magnetic resonance imaging-detected tumor response for locally advanced rectal cancer predicts survival outcomes: MERCURY experience. J Clin Oncol. 29(28):3753-60, 2011
- Hoffman JR et al: Carcinoma of the prostate with aggressive rectal invasion. Am Surg. 75(5):434-6, 2009
- Platell C: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery. ANZ J Surg. 79(4):275-80, 2009
- Shen SS et al: Number of lymph nodes examined and associated clinicopathologic factors in colorectal carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 133(5):781-6, 2009
- Silva AC et al: Evaluation of benign and malignant rectal lesions with CT colonography and endoscopic correlation. Radiographics. 26(4):1085-99, 2006
- Stollfuss JC et al: Rectal carcinoma: high-spatial-resolution MR imaging and T2 quantification in rectal cancer specimens. Radiology. 241(1):132-41, 2006
- Fuchsjäger MH et al: Comparison of transrectal sonography and double-contrast MR imaging when staging rectal cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181(2):421-7, 2003
- Levine MS et al: Diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms at double-contrast barium enema examination. Radiology. 216(1):11-8, 2000
- Maier AG et al: Transrectal sonography of anal sphincter infiltration in lower rectal carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):735-9, 2000
- Winawer SJ et al: A comparison of colonoscopy and double-contrast barium enema for surveillance after polypectomy. National Polyp Study Work Group. N Engl J Med. 342(24):1766-72, 2000
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Malignant transformation of rectal mucosa
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
- Attenberger UI et al: Reduced and standard field-of-view diffusion weighted imaging in patients with rectal cancer at 3 T-Comparison of image quality and apparent diffusion coefficient measurements. Eur J Radiol. 131:109257, 2020
- Keller DS: Staging of locally advanced rectal cancer beyond TME. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 33(5):258-67, 2020
- Lord AC et al: MRI-diagnosed tumour deposits and EMVI status have superior prognostic accuracy to current clinical TNM staging in rectal cancer. Ann Surg. ePub, 2020
- Santiago I et al: The split scar sign as an indicator of sustained complete response after neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer. Eur Radiol. 30(1):224-38, 2020
- Xu H et al: Prediction model combining clinical and MR data for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in patients with rectal cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging. ePub, 2020
- Hope TA et al: Rectal cancer lexicon: consensus statement from the society of abdominal radiology rectal & anal cancer disease-focused panel. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(11):3508-17, 2019
- Horvat N et al: MRI of rectal cancer: tumor staging, imaging techniques, and management. Radiographics. 39(2):367-87, 2019
- Benson AB et al: Rectal cancer, version 2.2018, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 16(7):874-901, 2018
- Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer New York, 2017
- Lim SB et al: Nonoperative strategies for rectal cancer following a complete clinical response to preoperative chemoradiation: a few considerations. Oncology (Williston Park). 28(7):620-1, 2014
- Minsky BD et al: MRI-based treatment decision making for rectal cancer. Oncology (Williston Park). 28(8):680-1, 2014
- Monson JR et al: Failure of evidence-based cancer care in the United States: the association between rectal cancer treatment, cancer center volume, and geography. Ann Surg. 260(4):625-31; discussion 631-2, 2014
- Winter D: Outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer with highly selective preoperative chemoradiotherapy--editor's comments. Br J Surg. 101(10):1298, 2014
- Patel UB et al: Magnetic resonance imaging-detected tumor response for locally advanced rectal cancer predicts survival outcomes: MERCURY experience. J Clin Oncol. 29(28):3753-60, 2011
- Hoffman JR et al: Carcinoma of the prostate with aggressive rectal invasion. Am Surg. 75(5):434-6, 2009
- Platell C: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery. ANZ J Surg. 79(4):275-80, 2009
- Shen SS et al: Number of lymph nodes examined and associated clinicopathologic factors in colorectal carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 133(5):781-6, 2009
- Silva AC et al: Evaluation of benign and malignant rectal lesions with CT colonography and endoscopic correlation. Radiographics. 26(4):1085-99, 2006
- Stollfuss JC et al: Rectal carcinoma: high-spatial-resolution MR imaging and T2 quantification in rectal cancer specimens. Radiology. 241(1):132-41, 2006
- Fuchsjäger MH et al: Comparison of transrectal sonography and double-contrast MR imaging when staging rectal cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181(2):421-7, 2003
- Levine MS et al: Diagnosis of colorectal neoplasms at double-contrast barium enema examination. Radiology. 216(1):11-8, 2000
- Maier AG et al: Transrectal sonography of anal sphincter infiltration in lower rectal carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 175(3):735-9, 2000
- Winawer SJ et al: A comparison of colonoscopy and double-contrast barium enema for surveillance after polypectomy. National Polyp Study Work Group. N Engl J Med. 342(24):1766-72, 2000
