Rectal mucosa protrudes no more than 2 cm below anus
Total prolapse (procidentia, type 2)
All layers of rectum protrude
May include hernia sac of peritoneum ± other bowel segments
Rectal ulcer syndrome
Traumatic or ischemic ulceration of rectal mucosa associated with disordered evacuation
95% of affected patients have internal intussusception
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
Selected References
Sakala MD et al: Advances in MR imaging of the female pelvis. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 28(3):415-31, 2020
Swamy N et al: Pelvic floor imaging with MR defecography: correlation with gynecologic pelvic organ prolapse quantification. Abdom Radiol (NY). ePub, 2020
Lakhoo J et al: MRI of the male pelvic floor. Radiographics. 39(7):2003-22, 2019
Forootan M et al: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(18):e0565, 2018
Joubert K et al: Abdominal approaches to rectal prolapse. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 30(1):57-62, 2017
Can MF et al: Laparoscopic resection rectopexy with preservation of the superior rectal artery, natural orifice specimen extraction, and assessment of anastomotic perfusion using indocyanine green imaging in rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum. 57(12):1441, 2014
Ellington D et al: Pelvis floor symptoms and quality of life analyses in women undergoing surgery for rectal prolapse. World J Colorectal Surg. 3(3), 2013
Colaiacomo MC et al: Dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor: a pictorial review. Radiographics. 29(3):e35, 2009
Law YM et al: MRI of pelvic floor dysfunction: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(6 Suppl):S45-53, 2008
Tou S et al: Surgery for complete rectal prolapse in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (4):CD001758, 2008
Singh B et al: Histopathological mimicry in mucosal prolapse. Histopathology. 50(1):97-102, 2007
Hetzer FH et al: MR defecography in patients with fecal incontinence: imaging findings and their effect on surgical management. Radiology. 240(2):449-57, 2006
Macura KJ: Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic floor defects in women. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 17(6):417-26, 2006
Dvorkin LS et al: Rectal intussusception in symptomatic patients is different from that in asymptomatic volunteers. Br J Surg. 92(7):866-72, 2005
Madiba TE et al: Surgical management of rectal prolapse. Arch Surg. 140(1):63-73, 2005
Pomerri F et al: Defecographic measurements of rectal intussusception and prolapse in patients and in asymptomatic subjects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(3):641-5, 2001
Salzano A et al: [The defecographic and clinical aspects of the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.] Radiol Med. 95(6):588-92, 1998
Bremmer S et al: Defaeco-peritoneography in the diagnosis of rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse. Acta Radiol. 38(4 Pt 1):578-83, 1997
Agachan F et al: Defecography and proctography. Results of 744 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 39(8):899-905, 1996
Goei R et al: Rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse: detection and postoperative evaluation with defecography. Radiology. 174(1):124-6, 1990
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Rectosigmoid intussusception
Proximal rectum ± sigmoid telescopes into distal rectum, rarely through anus
Invagination of full thickness of rectal wall in towards rectal wall
Rectal mucosa protrudes no more than 2 cm below anus
Total prolapse (procidentia, type 2)
All layers of rectum protrude
May include hernia sac of peritoneum ± other bowel segments
Rectal ulcer syndrome
Traumatic or ischemic ulceration of rectal mucosa associated with disordered evacuation
95% of affected patients have internal intussusception
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
Selected References
Sakala MD et al: Advances in MR imaging of the female pelvis. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 28(3):415-31, 2020
Swamy N et al: Pelvic floor imaging with MR defecography: correlation with gynecologic pelvic organ prolapse quantification. Abdom Radiol (NY). ePub, 2020
Lakhoo J et al: MRI of the male pelvic floor. Radiographics. 39(7):2003-22, 2019
Forootan M et al: Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: a systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore). 97(18):e0565, 2018
Joubert K et al: Abdominal approaches to rectal prolapse. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 30(1):57-62, 2017
Can MF et al: Laparoscopic resection rectopexy with preservation of the superior rectal artery, natural orifice specimen extraction, and assessment of anastomotic perfusion using indocyanine green imaging in rectal prolapse. Dis Colon Rectum. 57(12):1441, 2014
Ellington D et al: Pelvis floor symptoms and quality of life analyses in women undergoing surgery for rectal prolapse. World J Colorectal Surg. 3(3), 2013
Colaiacomo MC et al: Dynamic MR imaging of the pelvic floor: a pictorial review. Radiographics. 29(3):e35, 2009
Law YM et al: MRI of pelvic floor dysfunction: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(6 Suppl):S45-53, 2008
Tou S et al: Surgery for complete rectal prolapse in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (4):CD001758, 2008
Singh B et al: Histopathological mimicry in mucosal prolapse. Histopathology. 50(1):97-102, 2007
Hetzer FH et al: MR defecography in patients with fecal incontinence: imaging findings and their effect on surgical management. Radiology. 240(2):449-57, 2006
Macura KJ: Magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic floor defects in women. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 17(6):417-26, 2006
Dvorkin LS et al: Rectal intussusception in symptomatic patients is different from that in asymptomatic volunteers. Br J Surg. 92(7):866-72, 2005
Madiba TE et al: Surgical management of rectal prolapse. Arch Surg. 140(1):63-73, 2005
Pomerri F et al: Defecographic measurements of rectal intussusception and prolapse in patients and in asymptomatic subjects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(3):641-5, 2001
Salzano A et al: [The defecographic and clinical aspects of the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.] Radiol Med. 95(6):588-92, 1998
Bremmer S et al: Defaeco-peritoneography in the diagnosis of rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse. Acta Radiol. 38(4 Pt 1):578-83, 1997
Agachan F et al: Defecography and proctography. Results of 744 patients. Dis Colon Rectum. 39(8):899-905, 1996
Goei R et al: Rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse: detection and postoperative evaluation with defecography. Radiology. 174(1):124-6, 1990
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.