Invasive breast cancer &/or DCIS in breast previously treated for cancer or chest wall recurrence after mastectomy
Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) = breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiation therapy (XRT)
True recurrence = local failure
Recurrence in ipsilateral breast remote from primary site may be new primary cancer
Contralateral breast cancer: Typically considered second primary and not recurrence
Contralateral axillary disease may be locoregional recurrence due to altered nodal drainage
IMAGING
General Features
Mammographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Aalders KC et al: Do patients whose tumor achieved a pathological response relapse at specific sites? A substudy of the EORTC 10994/BIG-1-00 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 169(3):497-505, 2018
Jones T et al: Surveillance for cancer recurrence in long-term young breast cancer survivors randomly selected from a statewide cancer registry. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 169(1):141-52, 2018
Lee JM et al: Cumulative risk distribution for interval invasive second breast cancers after negative surveillance mammography. J Clin Oncol. 36(20):2070-77, 2018
Lowry KP et al: Predictors of surveillance mammography outcomes in women with a personal history of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 171(1):209-15, 2018
Monticciolo DL et al: Breast cancer screening in women at higher-than-average risk: recommendations from the acr. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(3 Pt A):408-14, 2018
Pilewskie M et al: Margins in breast cancer: how much is enough? Cancer. 124(7):1335-41, 2018
Poodt IGM et al: Risk of regional recurrence after negative repeat sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. Ann Surg Oncol. 25(5):1312-21, 2018
Saha A et al: A study of association of Oncotype DX recurrence score with DCE-MRI characteristics using multivariate machine learning models. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 144(5):799-807, 2018
Shin SU et al: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for breast cancer: preoperative mri features associated with local recurrence. Radiology. 172888, 2018
Turashvili G et al: The 21-Gene Recurrence Score in Male Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 25(6):1530-35, 2018
Zakeri K et al: Radiation oncology in the 21st century: prospective randomized trials that changed practice… or didn't! Front Oncol. 8:130, 2018
Chu AJ et al: Imaging surveillance for survivors of breast cancer: correlation between cancer characteristics and method of detection. J Breast Cancer. 20(2):192-197, 2017
Dutta SW et al: Intraoperative radiation therapy for breast cancer patients: current perspectives. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 9:257-63, 2017
Gingerich J et al: Contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis in second primary Breast cancer: Case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 40:47-49, 2017
Mannell A: An overview of risk factors for recurrent breast cancer. S Afr J Surg. 55(1):29-34, 2017
Strnad V et al: 5-year results of accelerated partial breast irradiation using sole interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy versus whole-breast irradiation with boost after breast-conserving surgery for low-risk invasive and in-situ carcinoma of the female breast: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 387(10015):229-38, 2016
Moossdorff M et al: Contralateral lymph node recurrence in breast cancer: regional event rather than distant metastatic disease. A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol. 41(9):1128-36, 2015
Poortmans PM et al: Internal mammary and medial supraclavicular irradiation in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 373(4):317-27, 2015
Whelan TJ et al: Regional nodal irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 373(4):307-16, 2015
Cuzick J: Radiotherapy for breast cancer, the TARGIT-A trial. Lancet. 383(9930):1716, 2014
Vaidya JS et al: Risk-adapted targeted intraoperative radiotherapy versus whole-breast radiotherapy for breast cancer: 5-year results for local control and overall survival from the TARGIT-A randomised trial. Lancet. 383(9917):603-13, 2014
Carlson JJ et al: The impact of the Oncotype Dx breast cancer assay in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 141(1):13-22, 2013
Haviland JS et al: The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: 10-year follow-up results of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 14(11):1086-94, 2013
Khatcheressian JL et al: Breast cancer follow-up and management after primary treatment: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 31(7):961-5, 2013
Klein ME et al: Prediction of the Oncotype DX recurrence score: use of pathology-generated equations derived by linear regression analysis. Mod Pathol. 26(5):658-64, 2013
Maaskant-Braat AJ et al: Repeat sentinel node biopsy in patients with locally recurrent breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 138(1):13-20, 2013
McLaughlin SA: Surgical management of the breast: breast conservation therapy and mastectomy. Surg Clin North Am. 93(2):411-28, 2013
Veronesi U et al: Intraoperative radiotherapy versus external radiotherapy for early breast cancer (ELIOT): a randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet Oncol. 14(13):1269-77, 2013
Arasu VA et al: Benefit of semiannual ipsilateral mammographic surveillance following breast conservation therapy. Radiology. 264(2):371-7, 2012
Chansakul T et al: The postconservation breast: part 1, Expected imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(2):321-30, 2012
Chansakul T et al: The postconservation breast: part 2, Imaging findings of tumor recurrence and other long-term sequelae. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(2):331-43, 2012
Drukteinis JS et al: MR imaging assessment of the breast after breast conservation therapy: distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. Radiographics. 32(1):219-34, 2012
Gunia SR et al: Evaluation of appropriate short-term mammographic surveillance in patients who undergo breast-conserving Surgery (BCS). Ann Surg Oncol. 19(10):3139-43, 2012
Manohar K et al: Clinical utility of F-18 FDG PET/CT in recurrent breast carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun. 33(6):591-6, 2012
Quinn EM et al: Use of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of breast cancer recurrence: a systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol. 19(9):3035-41, 2012
Kim SJ et al: The detection of recurrent breast cancer in patients with a history of breast cancer surgery: comparison of clinical breast examination, mammography and ultrasonography. Acta Radiol. 52(1):15-20, 2011
Peng C et al: MRI appearance of tumor recurrence in myocutaneous flap reconstruction after mastectomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(4):W471-5, 2011
Vanderwalde LH et al: Breast MRI after bilateral mastectomy: is it indicated? Am Surg. 77(2):180-4, 2011
Aukema TS et al: The role of FDG PET/CT in patients with locoregional breast cancer recurrence: a comparison to conventional imaging techniques. Eur J Surg Oncol. 36(4):387-92, 2010
Li J et al: Breast MRI after conservation therapy: usual findings in routine follow-up examinations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195(3):799-807, 2010
Whelan TJ et al: Long-term results of hypofractionated radiation therapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 362(6):513-20, 2010
Anderson SJ et al: Prognosis after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and locoregional recurrences in patients treated by breast-conserving therapy in five National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocols of node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 27(15):2466-73, 2009
Lee JM et al: Detecting nonpalpable recurrent breast cancer: the role of routine mammographic screening of transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstructions. Radiology. 248(2):398-405, 2008
START Trialists' Group. et al: The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial B of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 371(9618):1098-107, 2008
START Trialists' Group et al: The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial A of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 9(4):331-41, 2008
Huston TL et al: The presentation of contralateral axillary lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma: a clinical management dilemma. Breast J. 13(2):158-64, 2007
Lash TL et al: Reduced mortality rate associated with annual mammograms after breast cancer therapy. Breast J. 12(1):2-6, 2006
van der Sangen MJ et al: The prognosis of patients with local recurrence more than five years after breast conservation therapy for invasive breast carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 32(1):34-8, 2006
Immonen-Räihä P et al: Mammographic screening reduces risk of breast carcinoma recurrence. Cancer. 103(3):474-82, 2005
Kirova YM et al: Radiation-induced sarcomas after radiotherapy for breast carcinoma: a large-scale single-institution review. Cancer. 104(4):856-63, 2005
Warren JL et al: The frequency of ipsilateral second tumors after breast-conserving surgery for DCIS: a population based analysis. Cancer. 104(9):1840-8, 2005
Fischer U et al: The influence of preoperative MRI of the breasts on recurrence rate in patients with breast cancer. Eur Radiol. 14(10):1725-31, 2004
Harris JR et al: Diseases of the Breast. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 1067-87, 2004
Mollick JA et al: Rational surveillance programs for early stage breast cancer patients after primary treatment. Breast Dis. 21:47-54, 2004
Paik S et al: A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 351(27):2817-26, 2004
Kamel EM et al: [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with suspected recurrence of breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 129(3):147-53, 2003
Dershaw DD: Breast imaging and the conservative treatment of breast cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(3):501-16, 2002
Fisher B et al: Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 347(16):1233-41, 2002
Rodrigues N et al: Correlation of clinical and pathologic features with outcome in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 54(5):1331-5, 2002
Weight SC et al: Optimizing surveillance mammography following breast conservation surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol. 28(1):11-3, 2002
Lagrange JL et al: Sarcoma after radiation therapy: retrospective multiinstitutional study of 80 histologically confirmed cases. Radiation Therapist and Pathologist Groups of the Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer. Radiology. 216(1):197-205, 2000
Solomon B et al: Delayed development of enhancement in fat necrosis after breast conservation therapy: a potential pitfall of MR imaging of the breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(4):966-8, 1998
Rieber A et al: Value of MR mammography in the detection and exclusion of recurrent breast carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21(5):780-4, 1997
Brenner RJ et al: Mammographic features after conservation therapy for malignant breast disease: serial findings standardized by regression analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(1):171-8, 1996
Fisher B et al: Reanalysis and results after 12 years of follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy with lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 333(22):1456-61, 1995
Dershaw DD et al: Detection of local recurrence after conservative therapy for breast carcinoma. Cancer. 70(2):493-6, 1992
Orel SG et al: Breast cancer recurrence after lumpectomy and irradiation: role of mammography in detection. Radiology. 183(1):201-6, 1992
Recht A et al: Time-course of local recurrence following conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early stage breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 15(2):255-61, 1988
Stomper PC et al: Mammographic detection of recurrent cancer in the irradiated breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 148(1):39-43, 1987
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Local recurrence, locoregional recurrence
Definitions
Invasive breast cancer &/or DCIS in breast previously treated for cancer or chest wall recurrence after mastectomy
Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) = breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by radiation therapy (XRT)
True recurrence = local failure
Recurrence in ipsilateral breast remote from primary site may be new primary cancer
Contralateral breast cancer: Typically considered second primary and not recurrence
Contralateral axillary disease may be locoregional recurrence due to altered nodal drainage
IMAGING
General Features
Mammographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Image-Guided Biopsy
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Aalders KC et al: Do patients whose tumor achieved a pathological response relapse at specific sites? A substudy of the EORTC 10994/BIG-1-00 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 169(3):497-505, 2018
Jones T et al: Surveillance for cancer recurrence in long-term young breast cancer survivors randomly selected from a statewide cancer registry. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 169(1):141-52, 2018
Lee JM et al: Cumulative risk distribution for interval invasive second breast cancers after negative surveillance mammography. J Clin Oncol. 36(20):2070-77, 2018
Lowry KP et al: Predictors of surveillance mammography outcomes in women with a personal history of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 171(1):209-15, 2018
Monticciolo DL et al: Breast cancer screening in women at higher-than-average risk: recommendations from the acr. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(3 Pt A):408-14, 2018
Pilewskie M et al: Margins in breast cancer: how much is enough? Cancer. 124(7):1335-41, 2018
Poodt IGM et al: Risk of regional recurrence after negative repeat sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence. Ann Surg Oncol. 25(5):1312-21, 2018
Saha A et al: A study of association of Oncotype DX recurrence score with DCE-MRI characteristics using multivariate machine learning models. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 144(5):799-807, 2018
Shin SU et al: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for breast cancer: preoperative mri features associated with local recurrence. Radiology. 172888, 2018
Turashvili G et al: The 21-Gene Recurrence Score in Male Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 25(6):1530-35, 2018
Zakeri K et al: Radiation oncology in the 21st century: prospective randomized trials that changed practice… or didn't! Front Oncol. 8:130, 2018
Chu AJ et al: Imaging surveillance for survivors of breast cancer: correlation between cancer characteristics and method of detection. J Breast Cancer. 20(2):192-197, 2017
Dutta SW et al: Intraoperative radiation therapy for breast cancer patients: current perspectives. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press). 9:257-63, 2017
Gingerich J et al: Contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis in second primary Breast cancer: Case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep. 40:47-49, 2017
Mannell A: An overview of risk factors for recurrent breast cancer. S Afr J Surg. 55(1):29-34, 2017
Strnad V et al: 5-year results of accelerated partial breast irradiation using sole interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy versus whole-breast irradiation with boost after breast-conserving surgery for low-risk invasive and in-situ carcinoma of the female breast: a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 387(10015):229-38, 2016
Moossdorff M et al: Contralateral lymph node recurrence in breast cancer: regional event rather than distant metastatic disease. A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol. 41(9):1128-36, 2015
Poortmans PM et al: Internal mammary and medial supraclavicular irradiation in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 373(4):317-27, 2015
Whelan TJ et al: Regional nodal irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 373(4):307-16, 2015
Cuzick J: Radiotherapy for breast cancer, the TARGIT-A trial. Lancet. 383(9930):1716, 2014
Vaidya JS et al: Risk-adapted targeted intraoperative radiotherapy versus whole-breast radiotherapy for breast cancer: 5-year results for local control and overall survival from the TARGIT-A randomised trial. Lancet. 383(9917):603-13, 2014
Carlson JJ et al: The impact of the Oncotype Dx breast cancer assay in clinical practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 141(1):13-22, 2013
Haviland JS et al: The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) trials of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: 10-year follow-up results of two randomised controlled trials. Lancet Oncol. 14(11):1086-94, 2013
Khatcheressian JL et al: Breast cancer follow-up and management after primary treatment: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 31(7):961-5, 2013
Klein ME et al: Prediction of the Oncotype DX recurrence score: use of pathology-generated equations derived by linear regression analysis. Mod Pathol. 26(5):658-64, 2013
Maaskant-Braat AJ et al: Repeat sentinel node biopsy in patients with locally recurrent breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 138(1):13-20, 2013
McLaughlin SA: Surgical management of the breast: breast conservation therapy and mastectomy. Surg Clin North Am. 93(2):411-28, 2013
Veronesi U et al: Intraoperative radiotherapy versus external radiotherapy for early breast cancer (ELIOT): a randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet Oncol. 14(13):1269-77, 2013
Arasu VA et al: Benefit of semiannual ipsilateral mammographic surveillance following breast conservation therapy. Radiology. 264(2):371-7, 2012
Chansakul T et al: The postconservation breast: part 1, Expected imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(2):321-30, 2012
Chansakul T et al: The postconservation breast: part 2, Imaging findings of tumor recurrence and other long-term sequelae. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(2):331-43, 2012
Drukteinis JS et al: MR imaging assessment of the breast after breast conservation therapy: distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. Radiographics. 32(1):219-34, 2012
Gunia SR et al: Evaluation of appropriate short-term mammographic surveillance in patients who undergo breast-conserving Surgery (BCS). Ann Surg Oncol. 19(10):3139-43, 2012
Manohar K et al: Clinical utility of F-18 FDG PET/CT in recurrent breast carcinoma. Nucl Med Commun. 33(6):591-6, 2012
Quinn EM et al: Use of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of breast cancer recurrence: a systematic review. Ann Surg Oncol. 19(9):3035-41, 2012
Kim SJ et al: The detection of recurrent breast cancer in patients with a history of breast cancer surgery: comparison of clinical breast examination, mammography and ultrasonography. Acta Radiol. 52(1):15-20, 2011
Peng C et al: MRI appearance of tumor recurrence in myocutaneous flap reconstruction after mastectomy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 196(4):W471-5, 2011
Vanderwalde LH et al: Breast MRI after bilateral mastectomy: is it indicated? Am Surg. 77(2):180-4, 2011
Aukema TS et al: The role of FDG PET/CT in patients with locoregional breast cancer recurrence: a comparison to conventional imaging techniques. Eur J Surg Oncol. 36(4):387-92, 2010
Li J et al: Breast MRI after conservation therapy: usual findings in routine follow-up examinations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 195(3):799-807, 2010
Whelan TJ et al: Long-term results of hypofractionated radiation therapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 362(6):513-20, 2010
Anderson SJ et al: Prognosis after ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence and locoregional recurrences in patients treated by breast-conserving therapy in five National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project protocols of node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 27(15):2466-73, 2009
Lee JM et al: Detecting nonpalpable recurrent breast cancer: the role of routine mammographic screening of transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap reconstructions. Radiology. 248(2):398-405, 2008
START Trialists' Group. et al: The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial B of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet. 371(9618):1098-107, 2008
START Trialists' Group et al: The UK Standardisation of Breast Radiotherapy (START) Trial A of radiotherapy hypofractionation for treatment of early breast cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet Oncol. 9(4):331-41, 2008
Huston TL et al: The presentation of contralateral axillary lymph node metastases from breast carcinoma: a clinical management dilemma. Breast J. 13(2):158-64, 2007
Lash TL et al: Reduced mortality rate associated with annual mammograms after breast cancer therapy. Breast J. 12(1):2-6, 2006
van der Sangen MJ et al: The prognosis of patients with local recurrence more than five years after breast conservation therapy for invasive breast carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 32(1):34-8, 2006
Immonen-Räihä P et al: Mammographic screening reduces risk of breast carcinoma recurrence. Cancer. 103(3):474-82, 2005
Kirova YM et al: Radiation-induced sarcomas after radiotherapy for breast carcinoma: a large-scale single-institution review. Cancer. 104(4):856-63, 2005
Warren JL et al: The frequency of ipsilateral second tumors after breast-conserving surgery for DCIS: a population based analysis. Cancer. 104(9):1840-8, 2005
Fischer U et al: The influence of preoperative MRI of the breasts on recurrence rate in patients with breast cancer. Eur Radiol. 14(10):1725-31, 2004
Harris JR et al: Diseases of the Breast. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. 1067-87, 2004
Mollick JA et al: Rational surveillance programs for early stage breast cancer patients after primary treatment. Breast Dis. 21:47-54, 2004
Paik S et al: A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 351(27):2817-26, 2004
Kamel EM et al: [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in patients with suspected recurrence of breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 129(3):147-53, 2003
Dershaw DD: Breast imaging and the conservative treatment of breast cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 40(3):501-16, 2002
Fisher B et al: Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 347(16):1233-41, 2002
Rodrigues N et al: Correlation of clinical and pathologic features with outcome in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 54(5):1331-5, 2002
Weight SC et al: Optimizing surveillance mammography following breast conservation surgery. Eur J Surg Oncol. 28(1):11-3, 2002
Lagrange JL et al: Sarcoma after radiation therapy: retrospective multiinstitutional study of 80 histologically confirmed cases. Radiation Therapist and Pathologist Groups of the Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer. Radiology. 216(1):197-205, 2000
Solomon B et al: Delayed development of enhancement in fat necrosis after breast conservation therapy: a potential pitfall of MR imaging of the breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(4):966-8, 1998
Rieber A et al: Value of MR mammography in the detection and exclusion of recurrent breast carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21(5):780-4, 1997
Brenner RJ et al: Mammographic features after conservation therapy for malignant breast disease: serial findings standardized by regression analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(1):171-8, 1996
Fisher B et al: Reanalysis and results after 12 years of follow-up in a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy with lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 333(22):1456-61, 1995
Dershaw DD et al: Detection of local recurrence after conservative therapy for breast carcinoma. Cancer. 70(2):493-6, 1992
Orel SG et al: Breast cancer recurrence after lumpectomy and irradiation: role of mammography in detection. Radiology. 183(1):201-6, 1992
Recht A et al: Time-course of local recurrence following conservative surgery and radiotherapy for early stage breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 15(2):255-61, 1988
Stomper PC et al: Mammographic detection of recurrent cancer in the irradiated breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 148(1):39-43, 1987
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