Focal extension of disc material beyond endplate margins at previously operated intervertebral disc level
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ziegler DS et al: The association between preoperative MRI findings and surgical revision within three years after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 44(11):818-25, 2019
Ajiboye RM et al: Surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disk herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthopedics. 41(4):e457-69, 2018
Onyia CU et al: The debate on most ideal technique for managing recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a short review. Br J Neurosurg. 31(6):701-8, 2017
Mroz TE et al: Differences in the surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation among spine surgeons in the United States. Spine J. 14(10):2334-43, 2014
Ambrossi GL et al: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation after single-level lumbar discectomy: incidence and health care cost analysis. Neurosurgery. 65(3):574-8; discussion 578, 2009
McGirt MJ et al: A prospective cohort study of close interval computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after primary lumbar discectomy: factors associated with recurrent disc herniation and disc height loss. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(19):2044-51, 2009
Ruetten S et al: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation after conventional discectomy: a prospective, randomized study comparing full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal versus microsurgical revision. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(2):122-9, 2009
Schofferman J et al: Failed back surgery: etiology and diagnostic evaluation. Spine J. 3(5):400-3, 2003
Babar S et al: MRI of the post-discectomy lumbar spine. Clin Radiol. 57(11):969-81, 2002
Barrera MC et al: Post-operative lumbar spine: comparative study of TSE T2 and turbo-FLAIR sequences vs contrast-enhanced SE T1. Clin Radiol. 56(2):133-7, 2001
Suk KS et al: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: results of operative management. Spine. 26(6):672-6, 2001
Ross JS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 4(3):281-91, 2000
Bradley WG: Use of contrast in MR imaging of the lumbar spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 7(3):439-57, vii, 1999
Loupasis GA et al: Seven- to 20-year outcome of lumbar discectomy. Spine. 24(22):2313-7, 1999
Grane P: The postoperative lumbar spine. A radiological investigation of the lumbar spine after discectomy using MR imaging and CT. Acta Radiol Suppl. 414:1-23, 1998
Wilmink JT et al: MRI of the postoperative lumbar spine: triple-dose gadodiamide and fat suppression. Neuroradiology. 39(8):589-92, 1997
Fiume D et al: Treatment of the failed back surgery syndrome due to lumbo-sacral epidural fibrosis. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). 64:116-8, 1995
Djukic S et al: The lumbar spine: postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Bildgebung. 59(3):136-46, 1992
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS)
Recurrent protrusion/extrusion
Definitions
Focal extension of disc material beyond endplate margins at previously operated intervertebral disc level
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ziegler DS et al: The association between preoperative MRI findings and surgical revision within three years after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 44(11):818-25, 2019
Ajiboye RM et al: Surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disk herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthopedics. 41(4):e457-69, 2018
Onyia CU et al: The debate on most ideal technique for managing recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a short review. Br J Neurosurg. 31(6):701-8, 2017
Mroz TE et al: Differences in the surgical treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation among spine surgeons in the United States. Spine J. 14(10):2334-43, 2014
Ambrossi GL et al: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation after single-level lumbar discectomy: incidence and health care cost analysis. Neurosurgery. 65(3):574-8; discussion 578, 2009
McGirt MJ et al: A prospective cohort study of close interval computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging after primary lumbar discectomy: factors associated with recurrent disc herniation and disc height loss. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(19):2044-51, 2009
Ruetten S et al: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation after conventional discectomy: a prospective, randomized study comparing full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal versus microsurgical revision. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(2):122-9, 2009
Schofferman J et al: Failed back surgery: etiology and diagnostic evaluation. Spine J. 3(5):400-3, 2003
Babar S et al: MRI of the post-discectomy lumbar spine. Clin Radiol. 57(11):969-81, 2002
Barrera MC et al: Post-operative lumbar spine: comparative study of TSE T2 and turbo-FLAIR sequences vs contrast-enhanced SE T1. Clin Radiol. 56(2):133-7, 2001
Suk KS et al: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation: results of operative management. Spine. 26(6):672-6, 2001
Ross JS: Magnetic resonance imaging of the postoperative spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 4(3):281-91, 2000
Bradley WG: Use of contrast in MR imaging of the lumbar spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 7(3):439-57, vii, 1999
Loupasis GA et al: Seven- to 20-year outcome of lumbar discectomy. Spine. 24(22):2313-7, 1999
Grane P: The postoperative lumbar spine. A radiological investigation of the lumbar spine after discectomy using MR imaging and CT. Acta Radiol Suppl. 414:1-23, 1998
Wilmink JT et al: MRI of the postoperative lumbar spine: triple-dose gadodiamide and fat suppression. Neuroradiology. 39(8):589-92, 1997
Fiume D et al: Treatment of the failed back surgery syndrome due to lumbo-sacral epidural fibrosis. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). 64:116-8, 1995
Djukic S et al: The lumbar spine: postoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Bildgebung. 59(3):136-46, 1992
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