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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC)
Synonyms
- Oriental cholangitis, oriental cholangiohepatitis, intrahepatic pigment stone disease
- Biliary obstruction syndrome of Chinese/Hong Kong disease
Definitions
- Disease characterized by formation of pigment stones throughout biliary tree with resultant biliary strictures and repeated bouts of cholangitis
IMAGING
General Features
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Gupta A et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. StatPearls, 2021
- Lee JM et al: Disease of the gallbladder and biliary tree. In Hodler J et al: Diseases of the abdomen and pelvis 2018-2021: Diagnostic Imaging -IDKD Book [Internet]. Springer, 49-56, 2018
- Kwan KEL et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: a review of imaging findings and clinical management. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(1):46-56, 2017
- Lee KH et al: The arrowhead appearance of bile ducts in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(12):2964-5, 2017
- Furtado R et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. ANZ J Surg. 85(6):491-2, 2015
- Katabathina VS et al: Adult bile duct strictures: role of MR imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography in characterization. Radiographics. 34(3):565-86, 2014
- Tsui WM et al: Hepatolithiasis and the syndrome of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. Semin Liver Dis. 31(1):33-48, 2011
- Tsui WM et al: Primary hepatolithiasis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, and oriental cholangiohepatitis: a tale of 3 countries. Adv Anat Pathol. 18(4):318-28, 2011
- Wani NA et al: MRI of oriental cholangiohepatitis. Clin Radiol. 66(2):158-63, 2011
- Heffernan EJ et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: from imaging to intervention. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):W28-35, 2009
- Jain M et al: MRCP findings in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Eur J Radiol. 66(1):79-83, 2008
- Menias CO et al: Mimics of cholangiocarcinoma: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 28(4):1115-29, 2008
- Kim JH et al: CT findings of cholangiocarcinoma associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(6):1571-7, 2006
- Safar F et al: Magnetic resonance T1 gradient-echo imaging in hepatolithiasis. Abdom Imaging. 30(3):297-302, 2005
- Hanbidge AE et al: From the RSNA refresher courses: imaging evaluation for acute pain in the right upper quadrant. Radiographics. 24(4):1117-35, 2004
- Lee WJ et al: Radiologic spectrum of cholangiocarcinoma: emphasis on unusual manifestations and differential diagnoses. Radiographics. 21 Spec No:S97-S116, 2001
- Park MS et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: comparison between MR cholangiography and direct cholangiography. Radiology. 220(3):677-82, 2001
- Cosenza CA et al: Current management of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Am Surg. 65(10):939-43, 1999
- Kim MJ et al: MR imaging findings in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(6):1545-9, 1999
- Yoon KH et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: CT-histopathologic correlation. Radiology. 211(2):373-9, 1999
- Harris HW et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Am J Surg. 176(1):34-7, 1998
- Leow CK et al: Re: Biliary access procedure in the management of oriental cholangiohepatitis. Am Surg. 64(1):99, 1998
- Lee DW et al: Biliary infection. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 11(4):707-24, 1997
- Lo CM et al: The changing epidemiology of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Hong Kong Med J. 3(3):302-4, 1997
- Sperling RM et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in Asian immigrants to the United States: natural history and role of therapeutic ERCP. Dig Dis Sci. 42(4):865-71, 1997
- Kirby CL et al: US case of the day. Oriental cholangiohepatitis. Radiographics. 15(6):1503-6, 1995
- Mack E: Pathogenesis and clinical presentation of bile duct calculi. Semin Laparosc Surg. 2(2):76-84, 1995
- Reynolds WR et al: Oriental cholangiohepatitis. Mil Med. 159(2):158-60, 1994
- Enriquez G et al: Intrahepatic biliary stones in children. Pediatr Radiol. 22(4):283-6, 1992
- Kusano S et al: Oriental cholangiohepatitis: correlation between portal vein occlusion and hepatic atrophy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 158(5):1011-4, 1992
- Goldberg HI et al: Diagnostic and interventional procedures for the biliary tract. Curr Opin Radiol. 3(3):453-62, 1991
- Lim JH: Oriental cholangiohepatitis: pathologic, clinical, and radiologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 157(1):1-8, 1991
- Lim JH et al: Oriental cholangiohepatitis: sonographic findings in 48 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 155(3):511-4, 1990
- Schulte SJ et al: CT of the extrahepatic bile ducts: wall thickness and contrast enhancement in normal and abnormal ducts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(1):79-85, 1990
- Chan FL et al: Evaluation of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis with CT: analysis of 50 patients. Radiology. 170(1 Pt 1):165-9, 1989
- Kashi H et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangiohepatitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 71(6):387-9, 1989
- vanSonnenberg E et al: Oriental cholangiohepatitis: diagnostic imaging and interventional management. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 146(2):327-31, 1986
- Federle MP et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in Asian immigrants. Use of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and cholangiography. Radiology. 143(1):151-6, 1982
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC)
Synonyms
- Oriental cholangitis, oriental cholangiohepatitis, intrahepatic pigment stone disease
- Biliary obstruction syndrome of Chinese/Hong Kong disease
Definitions
- Disease characterized by formation of pigment stones throughout biliary tree with resultant biliary strictures and repeated bouts of cholangitis
IMAGING
General Features
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Gupta A et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. StatPearls, 2021
- Lee JM et al: Disease of the gallbladder and biliary tree. In Hodler J et al: Diseases of the abdomen and pelvis 2018-2021: Diagnostic Imaging -IDKD Book [Internet]. Springer, 49-56, 2018
- Kwan KEL et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: a review of imaging findings and clinical management. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(1):46-56, 2017
- Lee KH et al: The arrowhead appearance of bile ducts in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Abdom Radiol (NY). 42(12):2964-5, 2017
- Furtado R et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. ANZ J Surg. 85(6):491-2, 2015
- Katabathina VS et al: Adult bile duct strictures: role of MR imaging and MR cholangiopancreatography in characterization. Radiographics. 34(3):565-86, 2014
- Tsui WM et al: Hepatolithiasis and the syndrome of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. Semin Liver Dis. 31(1):33-48, 2011
- Tsui WM et al: Primary hepatolithiasis, recurrent pyogenic cholangitis, and oriental cholangiohepatitis: a tale of 3 countries. Adv Anat Pathol. 18(4):318-28, 2011
- Wani NA et al: MRI of oriental cholangiohepatitis. Clin Radiol. 66(2):158-63, 2011
- Heffernan EJ et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: from imaging to intervention. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):W28-35, 2009
- Jain M et al: MRCP findings in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Eur J Radiol. 66(1):79-83, 2008
- Menias CO et al: Mimics of cholangiocarcinoma: spectrum of disease. Radiographics. 28(4):1115-29, 2008
- Kim JH et al: CT findings of cholangiocarcinoma associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(6):1571-7, 2006
- Safar F et al: Magnetic resonance T1 gradient-echo imaging in hepatolithiasis. Abdom Imaging. 30(3):297-302, 2005
- Hanbidge AE et al: From the RSNA refresher courses: imaging evaluation for acute pain in the right upper quadrant. Radiographics. 24(4):1117-35, 2004
- Lee WJ et al: Radiologic spectrum of cholangiocarcinoma: emphasis on unusual manifestations and differential diagnoses. Radiographics. 21 Spec No:S97-S116, 2001
- Park MS et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: comparison between MR cholangiography and direct cholangiography. Radiology. 220(3):677-82, 2001
- Cosenza CA et al: Current management of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Am Surg. 65(10):939-43, 1999
- Kim MJ et al: MR imaging findings in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 173(6):1545-9, 1999
- Yoon KH et al: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis: CT-histopathologic correlation. Radiology. 211(2):373-9, 1999
- Harris HW et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Am J Surg. 176(1):34-7, 1998
- Leow CK et al: Re: Biliary access procedure in the management of oriental cholangiohepatitis. Am Surg. 64(1):99, 1998
- Lee DW et al: Biliary infection. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol. 11(4):707-24, 1997
- Lo CM et al: The changing epidemiology of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Hong Kong Med J. 3(3):302-4, 1997
- Sperling RM et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in Asian immigrants to the United States: natural history and role of therapeutic ERCP. Dig Dis Sci. 42(4):865-71, 1997
- Kirby CL et al: US case of the day. Oriental cholangiohepatitis. Radiographics. 15(6):1503-6, 1995
- Mack E: Pathogenesis and clinical presentation of bile duct calculi. Semin Laparosc Surg. 2(2):76-84, 1995
- Reynolds WR et al: Oriental cholangiohepatitis. Mil Med. 159(2):158-60, 1994
- Enriquez G et al: Intrahepatic biliary stones in children. Pediatr Radiol. 22(4):283-6, 1992
- Kusano S et al: Oriental cholangiohepatitis: correlation between portal vein occlusion and hepatic atrophy. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 158(5):1011-4, 1992
- Goldberg HI et al: Diagnostic and interventional procedures for the biliary tract. Curr Opin Radiol. 3(3):453-62, 1991
- Lim JH: Oriental cholangiohepatitis: pathologic, clinical, and radiologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 157(1):1-8, 1991
- Lim JH et al: Oriental cholangiohepatitis: sonographic findings in 48 cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 155(3):511-4, 1990
- Schulte SJ et al: CT of the extrahepatic bile ducts: wall thickness and contrast enhancement in normal and abnormal ducts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 154(1):79-85, 1990
- Chan FL et al: Evaluation of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis with CT: analysis of 50 patients. Radiology. 170(1 Pt 1):165-9, 1989
- Kashi H et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangiohepatitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 71(6):387-9, 1989
- vanSonnenberg E et al: Oriental cholangiohepatitis: diagnostic imaging and interventional management. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 146(2):327-31, 1986
- Federle MP et al: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in Asian immigrants. Use of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and cholangiography. Radiology. 143(1):151-6, 1982
