Hanrahan CJ et al: MRI of spinal bone marrow: part 2, T1-weighted imaging-based differential diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(6):1309-21, 2011
Ording Müller LS et al: High signal in bone marrow at diffusion-weighted imaging with body background suppression (DWIBS) in healthy children. Pediatr Radiol. 41(2):221-6, 2011
Shah LM et al: MRI of spinal bone marrow: part I, techniques and normal age-related appearances. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(6):1298-308, 2011
Laor T et al: MR imaging insights into skeletal maturation: what is normal? Radiology. 250(1):28-38, 2009
Vande Berg BC et al: Normal variants of the bone marrow at MR imaging of the spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 13(2):87-96, 2009
Alyas F et al: MR imaging evaluation of the bone marrow and marrow infiltrative disorders of the lumbar spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 15(2):199-219, vi, 2007
Foster K et al: MRI of the marrow in the paediatric skeleton. Clin Radiol. 59(8):651-73, 2004
Altehoefer C et al: Extent and time course of morphological changes of bone marrow induced by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging of healthy blood stem cell donors. J Magn Reson Imaging. 14(2):141-6, 2001
Taccone A et al: MRI "road-map" of normal age-related bone marrow. I. Cranial bone and spine. Pediatr Radiol. 25(8):588-95, 1995
Taccone A et al: MRI "road-map" of normal age-related bone marrow. II. Thorax, pelvis and extremities. Pediatr Radiol. 25(8):596-606, 1995
Moore SG et al: Red and yellow marrow in the femur: age-related changes in appearance at MR imaging. Radiology. 175(1):219-23, 1990
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Red (hematopoietic) marrow, yellow (fatty) marrow
Definitions
At birth, red marrow is present throughout entire skeleton
Conversion to yellow marrow begins shortly after birth
Reconversion from yellow to red marrow occurs secondary to variety of causes & must be distinguished from pathologic marrow infiltration
IMAGING
General Features
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Selected References
Chaturvedi A: Pediatric skeletal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: part 1 - technical considerations and optimization strategies. Pediatr Radiol. 51(9):1562-74, 2021
Hynes JP et al: Whole-body MRI of bone marrow: a review. J Magn Reson Imaging. 50(6):1687-701, 2019
van Vucht N et al: The Dixon technique for MRI of the bone marrow. Skeletal Radiol. 48(12):1861-74, 2019
Raissaki M et al: Multifocal bone and bone marrow lesions in children - MRI findings. Pediatr Radiol. 47(3):342-60, 2017
Chan BY et al: MR Imaging of pediatric bone marrow. Radiographics. 36(6):1911-30, 2016
Simpson WL et al: Imaging of Gaucher disease. World J Radiol. 6(9):657-68, 2014
Boavida P et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of the immature skeleton. Acta Radiol. 54(9):1007-14, 2013
Hanrahan CJ et al: MRI of spinal bone marrow: part 2, T1-weighted imaging-based differential diagnosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(6):1309-21, 2011
Ording Müller LS et al: High signal in bone marrow at diffusion-weighted imaging with body background suppression (DWIBS) in healthy children. Pediatr Radiol. 41(2):221-6, 2011
Shah LM et al: MRI of spinal bone marrow: part I, techniques and normal age-related appearances. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(6):1298-308, 2011
Laor T et al: MR imaging insights into skeletal maturation: what is normal? Radiology. 250(1):28-38, 2009
Vande Berg BC et al: Normal variants of the bone marrow at MR imaging of the spine. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 13(2):87-96, 2009
Alyas F et al: MR imaging evaluation of the bone marrow and marrow infiltrative disorders of the lumbar spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 15(2):199-219, vi, 2007
Foster K et al: MRI of the marrow in the paediatric skeleton. Clin Radiol. 59(8):651-73, 2004
Altehoefer C et al: Extent and time course of morphological changes of bone marrow induced by granulocyte-colony stimulating factor as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging of healthy blood stem cell donors. J Magn Reson Imaging. 14(2):141-6, 2001
Taccone A et al: MRI "road-map" of normal age-related bone marrow. I. Cranial bone and spine. Pediatr Radiol. 25(8):588-95, 1995
Taccone A et al: MRI "road-map" of normal age-related bone marrow. II. Thorax, pelvis and extremities. Pediatr Radiol. 25(8):596-606, 1995
Moore SG et al: Red and yellow marrow in the femur: age-related changes in appearance at MR imaging. Radiology. 175(1):219-23, 1990
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