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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Inflammation of esophageal mucosa due to gastroesophageal (GE) reflux
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Manning MA et al: Role of multimodality imaging in gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications, with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 40(1):44-71, 2020
- Nam JH et al: The influences of visceral fat area on the sites of esophageal mucosal breaks in subjects with gastroesophageal reflux diseases. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2019:9672861, 2019
- Richter JE et al: Presentation and epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology. 154(2):267-76, 2018
- Souza RF et al: A new paradigm for GERD pathogenesis. Not acid injury, but cytokine-mediated inflammation driven by HIF-2α: a potential role for targeting HIF-2α to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 37:93-9, 2017
- Li B et al: Reducing the gastroesophageal reflux with lip-type reinforcement technique during intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy. Hepatogastroenterology. 60(127):1541-6, 2013
- Pelechas E et al: Gastroesophageal reflux disease: epidemiological data, symptomatology and risk factors. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 117(1):183-8, 2013
- Zagari RM et al: Gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus in the general population: the Loiano-Monghidoro study. Gut. 57(10):1354-9, 2008
- Moayyedi P et al: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Lancet. 367(9528):2086-100, 2006
- Levine MS et al: Diseases of the esophagus: diagnosis with esophagography. Radiology. 237(2):414-27, 2005
- Dibble C et al: Detection of reflux esophagitis on double-contrast esophagrams and endoscopy using the histologic findings as the gold standard. Abdom Imaging. 29(4):421-5, 2004
- Hu C et al: Solitary ulcers in reflux esophagitis: radiographic findings. Abdom Imaging. 22(1):5-7, 1997
- Levine MS: Reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Semin Roentgenol. 29(4):332-40, 1994
- Thompson JK et al: Detection of gastroesophageal reflux: value of barium studies compared with 24-hr pH monitoring. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162(3):621-6, 1994
- Levine MS: Radiology of esophagitis: a pattern approach. Radiology. 179(1):1-7, 1991
- Levine MS et al: Update on esophageal radiology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 155(5):933-41, 1990
- Mann NS et al: Barrett's esophagus in patients with symptomatic reflux esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 84(12):1494-6, 1989
- Levine MS et al: Pseudomembranes in reflux esophagitis. Radiology. 159(1):43-5, 1986
- Levine MS et al: Fixed transverse folds in the esophagus: a sign of reflux esophagitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 143(2):275-8, 1984
- Creteur V et al: The role of single and double-contrast radiography in the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. Radiology. 147(1):71-5, 1983
- Graziani L et al: Reflux esophagitis: radiologic-endoscopic correlation in 39 symptomatic cases. Gastrointest Radiol. 8(1):1-6, 1983
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Inflammation of esophageal mucosa due to gastroesophageal (GE) reflux
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Manning MA et al: Role of multimodality imaging in gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications, with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 40(1):44-71, 2020
- Nam JH et al: The influences of visceral fat area on the sites of esophageal mucosal breaks in subjects with gastroesophageal reflux diseases. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2019:9672861, 2019
- Richter JE et al: Presentation and epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology. 154(2):267-76, 2018
- Souza RF et al: A new paradigm for GERD pathogenesis. Not acid injury, but cytokine-mediated inflammation driven by HIF-2α: a potential role for targeting HIF-2α to prevent and treat reflux esophagitis. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 37:93-9, 2017
- Li B et al: Reducing the gastroesophageal reflux with lip-type reinforcement technique during intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy. Hepatogastroenterology. 60(127):1541-6, 2013
- Pelechas E et al: Gastroesophageal reflux disease: epidemiological data, symptomatology and risk factors. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi. 117(1):183-8, 2013
- Zagari RM et al: Gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, oesophagitis and Barrett's oesophagus in the general population: the Loiano-Monghidoro study. Gut. 57(10):1354-9, 2008
- Moayyedi P et al: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Lancet. 367(9528):2086-100, 2006
- Levine MS et al: Diseases of the esophagus: diagnosis with esophagography. Radiology. 237(2):414-27, 2005
- Dibble C et al: Detection of reflux esophagitis on double-contrast esophagrams and endoscopy using the histologic findings as the gold standard. Abdom Imaging. 29(4):421-5, 2004
- Hu C et al: Solitary ulcers in reflux esophagitis: radiographic findings. Abdom Imaging. 22(1):5-7, 1997
- Levine MS: Reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Semin Roentgenol. 29(4):332-40, 1994
- Thompson JK et al: Detection of gastroesophageal reflux: value of barium studies compared with 24-hr pH monitoring. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 162(3):621-6, 1994
- Levine MS: Radiology of esophagitis: a pattern approach. Radiology. 179(1):1-7, 1991
- Levine MS et al: Update on esophageal radiology. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 155(5):933-41, 1990
- Mann NS et al: Barrett's esophagus in patients with symptomatic reflux esophagitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 84(12):1494-6, 1989
- Levine MS et al: Pseudomembranes in reflux esophagitis. Radiology. 159(1):43-5, 1986
- Levine MS et al: Fixed transverse folds in the esophagus: a sign of reflux esophagitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 143(2):275-8, 1984
- Creteur V et al: The role of single and double-contrast radiography in the diagnosis of reflux esophagitis. Radiology. 147(1):71-5, 1983
- Graziani L et al: Reflux esophagitis: radiologic-endoscopic correlation in 39 symptomatic cases. Gastrointest Radiol. 8(1):1-6, 1983
