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14
5
9
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Retinoblastoma (RB)
Definitions
Malignant primary retinal neoplasm
Trilateral RB: Bilateral ocular tumors plus midline intracranial neuroblastic tumor, typically pineal
Quadrilateral (tetralateral) RB: Bilateral disease plus pineal and suprasellar tumors
Retinocytoma: Rare benign variant, similar genetics
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Wyse E et al: A review of the literature for intra-arterial chemotherapy used to treat retinoblastoma. Pediatr Radiol. 46(9):1223-33, 2016
Sirin S et al: High-resolution MRI using orbit surface coils for the evaluation of metastatic risk factors in 143 children with retinoblastoma: Part 1: MRI vs. histopathology. Neuroradiology. 57(8):805-14, 2015
de Graaf P et al: Contrast-enhancement of the anterior eye segment in patients with retinoblastoma: correlation between clinical, MR imaging, and histopathologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(2):237-45, 2010
Dunkel IJ et al: Trilateral retinoblastoma: potentially curable with intensive chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 54(3):384-7, 2010
Mallipatna AC et al: Management and outcome of unilateral retinoblastoma. J AAPOS. 13(6):546-50, 2009
Wilson MW et al: Lack of correlation between the histologic and magnetic resonance imaging results of optic nerve involvement in eyes primarily enucleated for retinoblastoma. Ophthalmology. 116(8):1558-63, 2009
Yu CL et al: Cause-specific mortality in long-term survivors of retinoblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 101(8):581-91, 2009
de Graaf P et al: Eye size in retinoblastoma: MR imaging measurements in normal and affected eyes. Radiology. 244(1):273-80, 2007
Kim JW et al: Current management strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma. Drugs. 67(15):2173-85, 2007
Murphree L: Staging and grouping of retinoblastoma. In Singh A et al: Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 422-7, 2007
Aerts I et al: Retinoblastoma. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1:31, 2006
Shields CL et al: The International Classification of Retinoblastoma predicts chemoreduction success. Ophthalmology. 113(12):2276-80, 2006
de Graaf P et al: Retinoblastoma: MR imaging parameters in detection of tumor extent. Radiology. 235(1):197-207, 2005
Shields CL et al: Continuing challenges in the management of retinoblastoma with chemotherapy. Retina. 24(6):849-62, 2004
Galluzzi P et al: Retinoblastoma: Abnormal gadolinium enhancement of anterior segment of eyes at MR imaging with clinical and histopathologic correlation. Radiology. 228(3):683-90, 2003
Schueler AO et al: High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 87(3):330-5, 2003
Tateishi U et al: CT and MRI features of recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms in pediatric patients with retinoblastoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181(3):879-84, 2003
De Potter P: Current treatment of retinoblastoma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 13(5):331-6, 2002
Brisse HJ et al: Sonographic, CT, and MR imaging findings in diffuse infiltrative retinoblastoma: report of two cases with histologic comparison. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(3):499-504, 2001
Shields CL et al: Recent developments in the management of retinoblastoma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 36(1):8-18; quiz 35-6, 1999
Kaufman LM et al: Retinoblastoma and simulating lesions. Role of CT, MR imaging and use of Gd-DTPA contrast enhancement. Radiol Clin North Am. 36(6):1101-17, 1998
Barkhof F et al: MR imaging in retinoblastoma. Eur Radiol. 7(5):726-31, 1997
Wong FL et al: Cancer incidence after retinoblastoma. Radiation dose and sarcoma risk. JAMA. 278(15):1262-7, 1997
Provenzale JM et al: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. Bilateral retinoblastoma with coexistent pinealoblastoma (trilateral retinoblastoma). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(1):157-65, 1995
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Retinoblastoma (RB)
Definitions
Malignant primary retinal neoplasm
Trilateral RB: Bilateral ocular tumors plus midline intracranial neuroblastic tumor, typically pineal
Quadrilateral (tetralateral) RB: Bilateral disease plus pineal and suprasellar tumors
Retinocytoma: Rare benign variant, similar genetics
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Wyse E et al: A review of the literature for intra-arterial chemotherapy used to treat retinoblastoma. Pediatr Radiol. 46(9):1223-33, 2016
Sirin S et al: High-resolution MRI using orbit surface coils for the evaluation of metastatic risk factors in 143 children with retinoblastoma: Part 1: MRI vs. histopathology. Neuroradiology. 57(8):805-14, 2015
de Graaf P et al: Contrast-enhancement of the anterior eye segment in patients with retinoblastoma: correlation between clinical, MR imaging, and histopathologic findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(2):237-45, 2010
Dunkel IJ et al: Trilateral retinoblastoma: potentially curable with intensive chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 54(3):384-7, 2010
Mallipatna AC et al: Management and outcome of unilateral retinoblastoma. J AAPOS. 13(6):546-50, 2009
Wilson MW et al: Lack of correlation between the histologic and magnetic resonance imaging results of optic nerve involvement in eyes primarily enucleated for retinoblastoma. Ophthalmology. 116(8):1558-63, 2009
Yu CL et al: Cause-specific mortality in long-term survivors of retinoblastoma. J Natl Cancer Inst. 101(8):581-91, 2009
de Graaf P et al: Eye size in retinoblastoma: MR imaging measurements in normal and affected eyes. Radiology. 244(1):273-80, 2007
Kim JW et al: Current management strategies for intraocular retinoblastoma. Drugs. 67(15):2173-85, 2007
Murphree L: Staging and grouping of retinoblastoma. In Singh A et al: Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier, 422-7, 2007
Aerts I et al: Retinoblastoma. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1:31, 2006
Shields CL et al: The International Classification of Retinoblastoma predicts chemoreduction success. Ophthalmology. 113(12):2276-80, 2006
de Graaf P et al: Retinoblastoma: MR imaging parameters in detection of tumor extent. Radiology. 235(1):197-207, 2005
Shields CL et al: Continuing challenges in the management of retinoblastoma with chemotherapy. Retina. 24(6):849-62, 2004
Galluzzi P et al: Retinoblastoma: Abnormal gadolinium enhancement of anterior segment of eyes at MR imaging with clinical and histopathologic correlation. Radiology. 228(3):683-90, 2003
Schueler AO et al: High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 87(3):330-5, 2003
Tateishi U et al: CT and MRI features of recurrent tumors and second primary neoplasms in pediatric patients with retinoblastoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 181(3):879-84, 2003
De Potter P: Current treatment of retinoblastoma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 13(5):331-6, 2002
Brisse HJ et al: Sonographic, CT, and MR imaging findings in diffuse infiltrative retinoblastoma: report of two cases with histologic comparison. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(3):499-504, 2001
Shields CL et al: Recent developments in the management of retinoblastoma. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 36(1):8-18; quiz 35-6, 1999
Kaufman LM et al: Retinoblastoma and simulating lesions. Role of CT, MR imaging and use of Gd-DTPA contrast enhancement. Radiol Clin North Am. 36(6):1101-17, 1998
Barkhof F et al: MR imaging in retinoblastoma. Eur Radiol. 7(5):726-31, 1997
Wong FL et al: Cancer incidence after retinoblastoma. Radiation dose and sarcoma risk. JAMA. 278(15):1262-7, 1997
Provenzale JM et al: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. Bilateral retinoblastoma with coexistent pinealoblastoma (trilateral retinoblastoma). AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(1):157-65, 1995
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