Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), genitourinary (GU)
Synonyms
- Botryoid tumor, sarcoma botryoides, embryonal RMS
Definitions
- Malignant tumor of striated muscle originating from any pelvic organ (but paratesticular site is discussed separately)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Rogers TN et al: Management of rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric patients. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 30(2):339-53, 2021
- Harrison DJ et al: PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose/computed tomography in the management of pediatric sarcoma. PET Clin. 15(3):333-47, 2020
- Indelicato DJ et al: Outcomes following proton therapy for group iii pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 106(5):968-76, 2020
- Sa R et al: Utility of [18F] fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging and therapy response evaluation in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: a case series and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne). 7:281, 2020
- Guillerman RP et al: Imaging of DICER1 syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 49(11):1488-505, 2019
- Jawad N et al: The clinical and radiologic features of paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Radiol. 49(11):1516-23, 2019
- Koivusalo AI et al: Combined management of perianal rhabdomyosarcoma with chemotherapy, radical surgery, and irradiation: a series of three consecutive children. J Pediatr Surg. 54(2):285-7, 2019
- Bueno MT et al: Pediatric imaging in DICER1 syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 47(10):1292-301, 2017
- Kim JR et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma in children and adolescents: patterns and risk factors of distant metastasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 209(2):409-16, 2017
- Shelmerdine SC et al: Pearls and pitfalls in diagnosing pediatric urinary bladder masses. Radiographics. 37(6):1872-91, 2017
- Bethell GS et al: A case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a lobulated protrusion from the urethral meatus at birth. Urology. 86(4):805-7, 2015
- Chung EM et al: Solid tumors of the peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery in children: radiologic-pathologic correlation: from the radiologic pathology archives. Radiographics. 35(2):521-46, 2015
- Dong Y et al: 18[F]FDG PET/CT is useful in initial staging, restaging for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 61(4):438-46, 2015
- Fernandez-Pineda I et al: Bilateral internal hemipelvectomy for osteosarcoma in a pediatric patient previously treated for rhabdomyosarcoma. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 101(3):395-7, 2015
- Norman G et al: An emerging evidence base for PET-CT in the management of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: systematic review. BMJ Open. 5(1):e006030, 2015
- Rodeberg DA et al: Delayed primary excision with subsequent modification of radiotherapy dose for intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee. Int J Cancer. 137(1):204-11, 2015
- Jenney M et al: Conservative approach in localised rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate: results from International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) studies: malignant mesenchymal tumour (MMT) 84, 89 and 95. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 61(2):217-22, 2014
- Kirsch CH et al: Outcome of female pediatric patients diagnosed with genital tract rhabdomyosarcoma based on analysis of cases registered in SEER database between 1973 and 2006. Am J Clin Oncol. 37(1):47-50, 2014
- Komasara L et al: A review on surgical techniques and organ sparing procedures in bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 24(6):467-73, 2014
- Sinclair N et al: A rare and unusual case of Burkitt's lymphoma presenting with a prostate mass in a 12-year-old boy. Case Rep Radiol. 2014:106176, 2014
- Federico SM et al: Comparison of PET-CT and conventional imaging in staging pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 60(7):1128-34, 2013
- Kuru TH et al: Pediatric case report on magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound-fusion biopsy of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder/prostate: a new tool to reduce therapy-associated morbidity? Urology. 81(2):417-20, 2013
- Pai DR et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric pelvic masses. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 21(4):751-72, 2013
- Walther A et al: Renal rhabdomyosarcoma in a pancake kidney. Urology. 82(2):458-60, 2013
- Grimsby GM et al: Pediatric urologic oncology. Pediatr Clin North Am. 59(4):947-59, 2012
- Ricard F et al: Additional benefit of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the staging and follow-up of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Clin Nucl Med. 36(8):672-7, 2011
- Rodeberg DA et al: Comparison of outcomes based on treatment algorithms for rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder/prostate: combined results from the Children's Oncology Group, German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study, Italian Cooperative Group, and International Society of Pediatric Oncology Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors Committee. Int J Cancer. 128(5):1232-9, 2011
- Raney B et al: Impact of tumor viability at second-look procedures performed before completing treatment on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group protocol IRS-IV, 1991-1997: a report from the children's oncology group. J Pediatr Surg. 45(11):2160-8, 2010
- Esfahani SA et al: An antenatally diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder treated without extensive surgery. Nat Rev Urol. 6(8):449-53, 2009
- Kobi M et al: Sarcoma botryoides: MRI findings in two patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 29(3):708-12, 2009
- Rypens F et al: Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as thickening of the tunica vaginalis. Pediatr Radiol. 39(9):1010-2, 2009
- Stehr M: Pediatric urologic rhabdomyosarcoma. Curr Opin Urol. 19(4):402-6, 2009
- Citak EC et al: Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy and urinary bladder paralysis in a child with rhabdomyosarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 30(1):61-2, 2008
- Cowles RA et al: Ovarian repositioning in pediatric cancer patients: Flexible techniques accommodate pelvic radiation fields. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 49(3):339-41, 2007
- Striegel AM et al: Vaginal discharge and bleeding in girls younger than 6 years. J Urol. 176(6 Pt 1):2632-5, 2006
- Spunt SL et al: Late effects of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma and its treatment in female survivors. J Clin Oncol. 23(28):7143-51, 2005
- Gruessner SE et al: Management of stage I cervical sarcoma botryoides in childhood and adolescence. Eur J Pediatr. 163(8):452-6, 2004
- Raney RB et al: Results of treatment of fifty-six patients with localized retroperitoneal and pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-IV, 1991-1997. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 42(7):618-25, 2004
- Sanghvi DA et al: Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle. Br J Radiol. 77(914):159-60, 2004
- Akbar SA et al: Multimodality imaging of paratesticular neoplasms and their rare mimics. Radiographics. 23(6):1461-76, 2003
- Nakada K et al: Successful resection of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma by the posterior sagittal approach combined with preoperative chemotherapy. J Pediatr Surg. 38(7):E6-8, 2003
- Ng TY et al: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol. 91(3):623-6, 2003
- Ortega JA et al: Presence of well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts at the end of therapy for pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma: implications for the outcome. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 22(2):106-11, 2000
- Silvan AM et al: Organ-preserving management of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate and bladder in children. Med Pediatr Oncol. 29(6):573-5, 1997
- Duel BP et al: Reconstructive options in genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma. J Urol. 156(5):1798-804, 1996
- Breen JL et al: Genital tract tumors in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 28(2):355-67, 1981
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), genitourinary (GU)
Synonyms
- Botryoid tumor, sarcoma botryoides, embryonal RMS
Definitions
- Malignant tumor of striated muscle originating from any pelvic organ (but paratesticular site is discussed separately)
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Rogers TN et al: Management of rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric patients. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 30(2):339-53, 2021
- Harrison DJ et al: PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose/computed tomography in the management of pediatric sarcoma. PET Clin. 15(3):333-47, 2020
- Indelicato DJ et al: Outcomes following proton therapy for group iii pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 106(5):968-76, 2020
- Sa R et al: Utility of [18F] fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging and therapy response evaluation in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: a case series and literature review. Front Med (Lausanne). 7:281, 2020
- Guillerman RP et al: Imaging of DICER1 syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 49(11):1488-505, 2019
- Jawad N et al: The clinical and radiologic features of paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Radiol. 49(11):1516-23, 2019
- Koivusalo AI et al: Combined management of perianal rhabdomyosarcoma with chemotherapy, radical surgery, and irradiation: a series of three consecutive children. J Pediatr Surg. 54(2):285-7, 2019
- Bueno MT et al: Pediatric imaging in DICER1 syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 47(10):1292-301, 2017
- Kim JR et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma in children and adolescents: patterns and risk factors of distant metastasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 209(2):409-16, 2017
- Shelmerdine SC et al: Pearls and pitfalls in diagnosing pediatric urinary bladder masses. Radiographics. 37(6):1872-91, 2017
- Bethell GS et al: A case of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a lobulated protrusion from the urethral meatus at birth. Urology. 86(4):805-7, 2015
- Chung EM et al: Solid tumors of the peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery in children: radiologic-pathologic correlation: from the radiologic pathology archives. Radiographics. 35(2):521-46, 2015
- Dong Y et al: 18[F]FDG PET/CT is useful in initial staging, restaging for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 61(4):438-46, 2015
- Fernandez-Pineda I et al: Bilateral internal hemipelvectomy for osteosarcoma in a pediatric patient previously treated for rhabdomyosarcoma. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 101(3):395-7, 2015
- Norman G et al: An emerging evidence base for PET-CT in the management of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: systematic review. BMJ Open. 5(1):e006030, 2015
- Rodeberg DA et al: Delayed primary excision with subsequent modification of radiotherapy dose for intermediate-risk rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee. Int J Cancer. 137(1):204-11, 2015
- Jenney M et al: Conservative approach in localised rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder and prostate: results from International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) studies: malignant mesenchymal tumour (MMT) 84, 89 and 95. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 61(2):217-22, 2014
- Kirsch CH et al: Outcome of female pediatric patients diagnosed with genital tract rhabdomyosarcoma based on analysis of cases registered in SEER database between 1973 and 2006. Am J Clin Oncol. 37(1):47-50, 2014
- Komasara L et al: A review on surgical techniques and organ sparing procedures in bladder/prostate rhabdomyosarcoma. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 24(6):467-73, 2014
- Sinclair N et al: A rare and unusual case of Burkitt's lymphoma presenting with a prostate mass in a 12-year-old boy. Case Rep Radiol. 2014:106176, 2014
- Federico SM et al: Comparison of PET-CT and conventional imaging in staging pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 60(7):1128-34, 2013
- Kuru TH et al: Pediatric case report on magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound-fusion biopsy of rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder/prostate: a new tool to reduce therapy-associated morbidity? Urology. 81(2):417-20, 2013
- Pai DR et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric pelvic masses. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 21(4):751-72, 2013
- Walther A et al: Renal rhabdomyosarcoma in a pancake kidney. Urology. 82(2):458-60, 2013
- Grimsby GM et al: Pediatric urologic oncology. Pediatr Clin North Am. 59(4):947-59, 2012
- Ricard F et al: Additional benefit of F-18 FDG PET/CT in the staging and follow-up of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Clin Nucl Med. 36(8):672-7, 2011
- Rodeberg DA et al: Comparison of outcomes based on treatment algorithms for rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder/prostate: combined results from the Children's Oncology Group, German Cooperative Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study, Italian Cooperative Group, and International Society of Pediatric Oncology Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors Committee. Int J Cancer. 128(5):1232-9, 2011
- Raney B et al: Impact of tumor viability at second-look procedures performed before completing treatment on the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group protocol IRS-IV, 1991-1997: a report from the children's oncology group. J Pediatr Surg. 45(11):2160-8, 2010
- Esfahani SA et al: An antenatally diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder treated without extensive surgery. Nat Rev Urol. 6(8):449-53, 2009
- Kobi M et al: Sarcoma botryoides: MRI findings in two patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 29(3):708-12, 2009
- Rypens F et al: Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as thickening of the tunica vaginalis. Pediatr Radiol. 39(9):1010-2, 2009
- Stehr M: Pediatric urologic rhabdomyosarcoma. Curr Opin Urol. 19(4):402-6, 2009
- Citak EC et al: Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy and urinary bladder paralysis in a child with rhabdomyosarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 30(1):61-2, 2008
- Cowles RA et al: Ovarian repositioning in pediatric cancer patients: Flexible techniques accommodate pelvic radiation fields. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 49(3):339-41, 2007
- Striegel AM et al: Vaginal discharge and bleeding in girls younger than 6 years. J Urol. 176(6 Pt 1):2632-5, 2006
- Spunt SL et al: Late effects of pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma and its treatment in female survivors. J Clin Oncol. 23(28):7143-51, 2005
- Gruessner SE et al: Management of stage I cervical sarcoma botryoides in childhood and adolescence. Eur J Pediatr. 163(8):452-6, 2004
- Raney RB et al: Results of treatment of fifty-six patients with localized retroperitoneal and pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-IV, 1991-1997. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 42(7):618-25, 2004
- Sanghvi DA et al: Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle. Br J Radiol. 77(914):159-60, 2004
- Akbar SA et al: Multimodality imaging of paratesticular neoplasms and their rare mimics. Radiographics. 23(6):1461-76, 2003
- Nakada K et al: Successful resection of prostatic rhabdomyosarcoma by the posterior sagittal approach combined with preoperative chemotherapy. J Pediatr Surg. 38(7):E6-8, 2003
- Ng TY et al: Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol. 91(3):623-6, 2003
- Ortega JA et al: Presence of well-differentiated rhabdomyoblasts at the end of therapy for pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma: implications for the outcome. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 22(2):106-11, 2000
- Silvan AM et al: Organ-preserving management of rhabdomyosarcoma of the prostate and bladder in children. Med Pediatr Oncol. 29(6):573-5, 1997
- Duel BP et al: Reconstructive options in genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma. J Urol. 156(5):1798-804, 1996
- Breen JL et al: Genital tract tumors in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 28(2):355-67, 1981
