Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS): Malignant neoplasm of rhabdomyoblasts
Most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Maldonado FR et al: Quantitative characterization of extraocular orbital lesions in children using diffusion-weighted imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 51(1):119-27, 2021
Jawad N et al: The clinical and radiologic features of paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Radiol. 49(11):1516-23, 2019
Kim JK et al: Patterns of radiotherapy use and outcomes in head and neck soft-tissue sarcoma in a national cohort. Laryngoscope. 130(1):120-7, 2019
Turpin B et al: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 66(3):e27532, 2019
Häußler SM et al: Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a 20-year retrospective study at a tertiary referral center. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 144(2):371-9, 2018
Chevallier KM et al: Differentiating pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone by imaging appearance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(6):1185-9, 2016
Hosoi H: Current status of treatment for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in the USA and Japan. Pediatr Int. 58(2):81-7, 2016
Gluth MB: Rhabdomyosarcoma and other pediatric temporal bone malignancies. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48(2):375-90, 2015
Kubo T et al: Prognostic value of PAX3/7-FOXO1 fusion status in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 96(1):46-53, 2015
Norman G et al: An emerging evidence base for PET-CT in the management of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: systematic review. BMJ Open. 5(1):e006030, 2015
Norman G et al: Mind the gap: extent of use of diffusion-weighted MRI in children with rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Radiol. 45(5):778-81, 2015
Sun X et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma: advances in molecular and cellular biology. Sarcoma. 2015:232010, 2015
Malempati S et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma: review of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Committee experience and rationale for current COG studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 59(1):5-10, 2012
Hecker RM et al: p21 Downregulation is an important component of PAX3/FKHR oncogenicity and its reactivation by HDAC inhibitors enhances combination treatment. Oncogene. 29(27):3942-52, 2010
Zevallos JP et al: Modern multimodality therapy for pediatric nonorbital parameningeal sarcomas. Head Neck. 32(11):1501-5, 2010
Davicioni E et al: Molecular classification of rhabdomyosarcoma--genotypic and phenotypic determinants of diagnosis: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Am J Pathol. 174(2):550-64, 2009
Wharam MD et al: Failure pattern and factors predictive of local failure in rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of group III patients on the third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. J Clin Oncol. 22(10):1902-8, 2004
Breneman JC et al: Prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma--a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV. J Clin Oncol. 21(1):78-84, 2003
Simon JH et al: Prognostic factors in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Head Neck. 24(5):468-73, 2002
McCarville MB et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric patients: the good, the bad, and the unusual. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(6):1563-9, 2001
Castillo M et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear: imaging features in two children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 14(3):730-3, 1993
Yousem DM et al: Rhabdomyosarcomas in the head and neck: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology. 177(3):683-6, 1990
Latack JT et al: Imaging of rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 8(2):353-9, 1987
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KEY FACTS
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS): Malignant neoplasm of rhabdomyoblasts
Most common childhood soft tissue sarcoma
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Maldonado FR et al: Quantitative characterization of extraocular orbital lesions in children using diffusion-weighted imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 51(1):119-27, 2021
Jawad N et al: The clinical and radiologic features of paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Radiol. 49(11):1516-23, 2019
Kim JK et al: Patterns of radiotherapy use and outcomes in head and neck soft-tissue sarcoma in a national cohort. Laryngoscope. 130(1):120-7, 2019
Turpin B et al: Sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 66(3):e27532, 2019
Häußler SM et al: Head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma in children: a 20-year retrospective study at a tertiary referral center. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 144(2):371-9, 2018
Chevallier KM et al: Differentiating pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone by imaging appearance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(6):1185-9, 2016
Hosoi H: Current status of treatment for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma in the USA and Japan. Pediatr Int. 58(2):81-7, 2016
Gluth MB: Rhabdomyosarcoma and other pediatric temporal bone malignancies. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48(2):375-90, 2015
Kubo T et al: Prognostic value of PAX3/7-FOXO1 fusion status in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 96(1):46-53, 2015
Norman G et al: An emerging evidence base for PET-CT in the management of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: systematic review. BMJ Open. 5(1):e006030, 2015
Norman G et al: Mind the gap: extent of use of diffusion-weighted MRI in children with rhabdomyosarcoma. Pediatr Radiol. 45(5):778-81, 2015
Sun X et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma: advances in molecular and cellular biology. Sarcoma. 2015:232010, 2015
Malempati S et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma: review of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Soft-Tissue Sarcoma Committee experience and rationale for current COG studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 59(1):5-10, 2012
Hecker RM et al: p21 Downregulation is an important component of PAX3/FKHR oncogenicity and its reactivation by HDAC inhibitors enhances combination treatment. Oncogene. 29(27):3942-52, 2010
Zevallos JP et al: Modern multimodality therapy for pediatric nonorbital parameningeal sarcomas. Head Neck. 32(11):1501-5, 2010
Davicioni E et al: Molecular classification of rhabdomyosarcoma--genotypic and phenotypic determinants of diagnosis: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Am J Pathol. 174(2):550-64, 2009
Wharam MD et al: Failure pattern and factors predictive of local failure in rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of group III patients on the third Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study. J Clin Oncol. 22(10):1902-8, 2004
Breneman JC et al: Prognostic factors and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma--a report from the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study IV. J Clin Oncol. 21(1):78-84, 2003
Simon JH et al: Prognostic factors in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma. Head Neck. 24(5):468-73, 2002
McCarville MB et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric patients: the good, the bad, and the unusual. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 176(6):1563-9, 2001
Castillo M et al: Rhabdomyosarcoma of the middle ear: imaging features in two children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 14(3):730-3, 1993
Yousem DM et al: Rhabdomyosarcomas in the head and neck: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology. 177(3):683-6, 1990
Latack JT et al: Imaging of rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 8(2):353-9, 1987
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