Mutnuru PC et al: Cardiac MR imaging in the evaluation of rheumatic valvular heart diseases. J Clin Diagn Res. 10(3):TC06-9, 2016
Ramtohal RL et al: 'New world' imaging for an 'old world' disease: use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 3D transesophageal echocardiography in severe rheumatic mitral valve disease. J Cardiol Cases. 6(1):e4-7, 2012
Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) et al: Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J. 33(19):2451-96, 2012
Zhang XC et al: Assessment of right ventricular function for patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis by 64-slice multi-detector row computed tomography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Chin Med J (Engl). 125(8):1469-74, 2012
Hajsadeghi F et al: Porcelain heart. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 5(3):183-5, 2011
Shriki J et al: Delayed gadolinium enhancement in the atrial wall: a novel finding in 3 patients with rheumatic heart disease. Tex Heart Inst J. 38(1):56-60, 2011
Cawley PJ et al: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for valvular heart disease: technique and validation. Circulation. 119(3):468-78, 2009
Carapetis JR: Rheumatic heart disease in developing countries. N Engl J Med. 357(5):439-41, 2007
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines et al: ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons: Circulation. 114(5):e84-231, 2006
Carapetis JR et al: Acute rheumatic fever. Lancet. 366(9480):155-68, 2005
Carapetis JR et al: The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 5(11):685-94, 2005
Djavidani B et al: Planimetry of mitral valve stenosis by magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 45(12):2048-53, 2005
Lin SJ et al: Quantification of stenotic mitral valve area with magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with Doppler ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol. 44(1):133-7, 2004
No authors listed: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 32(5):1486-588, 1998
Wyttenbach R et al: Integrated MR imaging approach to valvular heart disease. Cardiol Clin. 16(2):277-94, 1998
Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Braunwald E: Heart Disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. 1007-76, 1997
Globits S et al: Assessment of valvular heart disease by magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J. 129(2):369-81, 1995
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Condition characterized by cardiac valve damage secondary to previous rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is complication of group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) in children and adolescents
Rheumatic valve disease may first become apparent years or decades after initial infection
May include valvular stenosis, regurgitation, left ventricular and left atrial enlargement, pericarditis, and heart failure
Most commonly affects mitral valve, followed by aortic and tricuspid valve
Mutnuru PC et al: Cardiac MR imaging in the evaluation of rheumatic valvular heart diseases. J Clin Diagn Res. 10(3):TC06-9, 2016
Ramtohal RL et al: 'New world' imaging for an 'old world' disease: use of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 3D transesophageal echocardiography in severe rheumatic mitral valve disease. J Cardiol Cases. 6(1):e4-7, 2012
Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) et al: Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J. 33(19):2451-96, 2012
Zhang XC et al: Assessment of right ventricular function for patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis by 64-slice multi-detector row computed tomography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Chin Med J (Engl). 125(8):1469-74, 2012
Hajsadeghi F et al: Porcelain heart. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 5(3):183-5, 2011
Shriki J et al: Delayed gadolinium enhancement in the atrial wall: a novel finding in 3 patients with rheumatic heart disease. Tex Heart Inst J. 38(1):56-60, 2011
Cawley PJ et al: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for valvular heart disease: technique and validation. Circulation. 119(3):468-78, 2009
Carapetis JR: Rheumatic heart disease in developing countries. N Engl J Med. 357(5):439-41, 2007
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines et al: ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons: Circulation. 114(5):e84-231, 2006
Carapetis JR et al: Acute rheumatic fever. Lancet. 366(9480):155-68, 2005
Carapetis JR et al: The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 5(11):685-94, 2005
Djavidani B et al: Planimetry of mitral valve stenosis by magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 45(12):2048-53, 2005
Lin SJ et al: Quantification of stenotic mitral valve area with magnetic resonance imaging and comparison with Doppler ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol. 44(1):133-7, 2004
No authors listed: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. 32(5):1486-588, 1998
Wyttenbach R et al: Integrated MR imaging approach to valvular heart disease. Cardiol Clin. 16(2):277-94, 1998
Braunwald E: Valvular heart disease. In Braunwald E: Heart Disease. 5th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. 1007-76, 1997
Globits S et al: Assessment of valvular heart disease by magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J. 129(2):369-81, 1995
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