Chronic progressive systemic inflammatory disease in which joints are primary target
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Andersson ML et al: Distribution of erosions in hands and feet at the time for the diagnosis of RA and during 8-year follow-up. Clin Rheumatol. 40(5):1799-810, 2021
Kaeley GS et al: The importance of ultrasound in identifying and differentiating patients with early inflammatory arthritis: a narrative review. Arthritis Res Ther. 22(1):1, 2020
Malla S et al: Ultrasonography in early rheumatoid arthritis of hand and wrist joints: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Indian J Orthop. 54(5):695-703, 2020
Conaghan PG et al: Very early MRI responses to therapy as a predictor of later radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 21(1):214, 2019
Lee KA et al: Magnetic resonance imaging-assessed synovial and bone changes in hand and wrist joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Korean J Intern Med. 34(3):651-9, 2019
O'Shaughnessy MA et al: Team approach: role of medical and surgical management in rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist. JBJS Rev. 7(8):e10, 2019
Niemantsverdriet E et al: Imaging detected tenosynovitis of metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints: an increasingly recognised characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 36 Suppl 114(5):131-8, 2018
Ten Brinck RM et al: Sequence of joint tissue inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis development. Arthritis Res Ther. 20(1):260, 2018
Llopis E et al: Conventional radiology in rheumatoid arthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 55(5):917-41, 2017
Chang EY et al: Adult inflammatory arthritides: what the radiologist should know. Radiographics. 36(6):1849-70, 2016
Nieuwenhuis WP et al: Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging-detected tenosynovitis in the hand and wrist in early arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67(4):869-76, 2015
Prasad K et al: Arthritis robustus: review of a case of an "abnormal" rheumatoid. Springerplus. 3:606, 2014
Schueller-Weidekamm C et al: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of hand and finger joints in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: do we really need a full dose of gadobenate dimeglumine for assessing synovial enhancement at 3 T? Radiology. 268(1):161-9, 2013
Navalho M et al: Bilateral MR imaging of the hand and wrist in early and very early inflammatory arthritis: tenosynovitis is associated with progression to rheumatoid arthritis. Radiology. 264(3):823-33, 2012
Bøyesen P et al: Prediction of MRI erosive progression: a comparison of modern imaging modalities in early rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 70(1):176-9, 2011
Finzel S et al: Repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors is based on bone apposition at the base of the erosion. Ann Rheum Dis. 70(9):1587-93, 2011
Rowbotham EL et al: Rheumatoid arthritis: ultrasound versus MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(3):541-6, 2011
Aletaha D et al: 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 62(9):2569-81, 2010
Narváez JA et al: MR imaging of early rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographics. 30(1):143-63; discussion 163-5, 2010
Schwenzer NF et al: The role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(3):715-20, 2010
Eshed I et al: Tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons of the hand detected by MRI: an early indicator of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 48(8):887-91, 2009
Møller Døhn U et al: Erosive progression is minimal, but erosion healing rare, in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with adalimumab. A 1 year investigator-initiated follow-up study using high-resolution computed tomography as the primary outcome measure. Ann Rheum Dis. 68(10):1585-90, 2009
Cavaliere CM et al: Total wrist arthroplasty and total wrist arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a decision analysis from the hand surgeons' perspective. J Hand Surg [Am]. 33(10):1744-55, 1755.e1-2, 2008
Herzberg G: Management of bilateral advanced rheumatoid wrist destruction. J Hand Surg [Am]. 33(7):1192-5, 2008
Kaiser GL et al: Functional outcomes after arthroplasty of the distal radioulnar joint and hand therapy: a case series. J Hand Ther. 21(4):398-409, 2008
Lisbona MP et al: Etanercept reduces synovitis as measured by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after only 6 weeks. J Rheumatol. 35(3):394-7, 2008
Ozgocmen S et al: Clinical evaluation and power Doppler sonography in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for ongoing synovial inflammation in clinical remission. South Med J. 101(3):240-5, 2008
Terslev L et al: Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Doppler ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 35(1):49-53, 2008
Trieb K: Treatment of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. J Hand Surg [Am]. 33(1):113-23, 2008
Xie X et al: Quantitative, small bore, 1 Tesla, magnetic resonance imaging of the hands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 26(5):860-5, 2008
Hodgson RJ et al: Pharmacokinetic modeling of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the hand and wrist in rheumatoid arthritis and the response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Magn Reson Med. 58(3):482-9, 2007
Luukkainen R et al: Prognosis of 5-year radiographic erosions of the wrist according to early, late, and persistent wrist swelling or tenderness in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 34(1):50-3, 2007
Wieners G et al: High-resolution MRI of the wrist and finger joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of 1.5 Tesla and 3.0 Tesla. Eur Radiol. 17(8):2176-82, 2007
Voulgari PV et al: Persistent clinical response of infliximab therapy in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis, over a 3-year period. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 1(1):103-8, 2006
de Haas WH et al: Rheumatoid arthritis, typus robustus. Ann Rheum Dis. 32(1):91-2, 1973
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Definitions
Chronic progressive systemic inflammatory disease in which joints are primary target
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Andersson ML et al: Distribution of erosions in hands and feet at the time for the diagnosis of RA and during 8-year follow-up. Clin Rheumatol. 40(5):1799-810, 2021
Kaeley GS et al: The importance of ultrasound in identifying and differentiating patients with early inflammatory arthritis: a narrative review. Arthritis Res Ther. 22(1):1, 2020
Malla S et al: Ultrasonography in early rheumatoid arthritis of hand and wrist joints: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Indian J Orthop. 54(5):695-703, 2020
Conaghan PG et al: Very early MRI responses to therapy as a predictor of later radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 21(1):214, 2019
Lee KA et al: Magnetic resonance imaging-assessed synovial and bone changes in hand and wrist joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Korean J Intern Med. 34(3):651-9, 2019
O'Shaughnessy MA et al: Team approach: role of medical and surgical management in rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist. JBJS Rev. 7(8):e10, 2019
Niemantsverdriet E et al: Imaging detected tenosynovitis of metacarpophalangeal and wrist joints: an increasingly recognised characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 36 Suppl 114(5):131-8, 2018
Ten Brinck RM et al: Sequence of joint tissue inflammation during rheumatoid arthritis development. Arthritis Res Ther. 20(1):260, 2018
Llopis E et al: Conventional radiology in rheumatoid arthritis. Radiol Clin North Am. 55(5):917-41, 2017
Chang EY et al: Adult inflammatory arthritides: what the radiologist should know. Radiographics. 36(6):1849-70, 2016
Nieuwenhuis WP et al: Evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging-detected tenosynovitis in the hand and wrist in early arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67(4):869-76, 2015
Prasad K et al: Arthritis robustus: review of a case of an "abnormal" rheumatoid. Springerplus. 3:606, 2014
Schueller-Weidekamm C et al: Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of hand and finger joints in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: do we really need a full dose of gadobenate dimeglumine for assessing synovial enhancement at 3 T? Radiology. 268(1):161-9, 2013
Navalho M et al: Bilateral MR imaging of the hand and wrist in early and very early inflammatory arthritis: tenosynovitis is associated with progression to rheumatoid arthritis. Radiology. 264(3):823-33, 2012
Bøyesen P et al: Prediction of MRI erosive progression: a comparison of modern imaging modalities in early rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 70(1):176-9, 2011
Finzel S et al: Repair of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis treated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors is based on bone apposition at the base of the erosion. Ann Rheum Dis. 70(9):1587-93, 2011
Rowbotham EL et al: Rheumatoid arthritis: ultrasound versus MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 197(3):541-6, 2011
Aletaha D et al: 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 62(9):2569-81, 2010
Narváez JA et al: MR imaging of early rheumatoid arthritis. Radiographics. 30(1):143-63; discussion 163-5, 2010
Schwenzer NF et al: The role of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in the differential diagnosis of psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(3):715-20, 2010
Eshed I et al: Tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons of the hand detected by MRI: an early indicator of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 48(8):887-91, 2009
Møller Døhn U et al: Erosive progression is minimal, but erosion healing rare, in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with adalimumab. A 1 year investigator-initiated follow-up study using high-resolution computed tomography as the primary outcome measure. Ann Rheum Dis. 68(10):1585-90, 2009
Cavaliere CM et al: Total wrist arthroplasty and total wrist arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis: a decision analysis from the hand surgeons' perspective. J Hand Surg [Am]. 33(10):1744-55, 1755.e1-2, 2008
Herzberg G: Management of bilateral advanced rheumatoid wrist destruction. J Hand Surg [Am]. 33(7):1192-5, 2008
Kaiser GL et al: Functional outcomes after arthroplasty of the distal radioulnar joint and hand therapy: a case series. J Hand Ther. 21(4):398-409, 2008
Lisbona MP et al: Etanercept reduces synovitis as measured by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after only 6 weeks. J Rheumatol. 35(3):394-7, 2008
Ozgocmen S et al: Clinical evaluation and power Doppler sonography in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence for ongoing synovial inflammation in clinical remission. South Med J. 101(3):240-5, 2008
Terslev L et al: Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Doppler ultrasound in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 35(1):49-53, 2008
Trieb K: Treatment of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. J Hand Surg [Am]. 33(1):113-23, 2008
Xie X et al: Quantitative, small bore, 1 Tesla, magnetic resonance imaging of the hands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 26(5):860-5, 2008
Hodgson RJ et al: Pharmacokinetic modeling of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the hand and wrist in rheumatoid arthritis and the response to anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. Magn Reson Med. 58(3):482-9, 2007
Luukkainen R et al: Prognosis of 5-year radiographic erosions of the wrist according to early, late, and persistent wrist swelling or tenderness in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 34(1):50-3, 2007
Wieners G et al: High-resolution MRI of the wrist and finger joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of 1.5 Tesla and 3.0 Tesla. Eur Radiol. 17(8):2176-82, 2007
Voulgari PV et al: Persistent clinical response of infliximab therapy in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis, over a 3-year period. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 1(1):103-8, 2006
de Haas WH et al: Rheumatoid arthritis, typus robustus. Ann Rheum Dis. 32(1):91-2, 1973
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