Dubey N et al: Role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. J Neurol Sci. 205(1):77-81, 2002
Gullapalli D et al: Neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis. Neurol Clin. 20(1):59-83, vi, 2002
Bode MK et al: Isolated neurosarcoidosis - MR findings and pathologic correlation. Acta Radiol. 42(6):563-7, 2001
Hayat GR et al: Solitary intramedullary neurosarcoidosis: role of MRI in early detection. J Neuroimaging. 11(1):66-70, 2001
Maroun FB et al: Sarcoidosis presenting as an intramedullary spinal cord lesion. Can J Neurol Sci. 28(2):163-6, 2001
Vinas FC et al: Spinal cord sarcoidosis: a diagnostic dilemma. Neurol Res. 23(4):347-52, 2001
Dumas JL et al: Central nervous system sarcoidosis: follow-up at MR imaging during steroid therapy. Radiology. 214(2):411-20, 2000
Koike H et al: Differential response to corticosteroid therapy of MRI findings and clinical manifestations in spinal cord sarcoidosis. J Neurol. 247(7):544-9, 2000
Yasui K et al: Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings and histopathology of lesion distribution of spinal cord sarcoidosis at post-mortem. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 26(5):481-7, 2000
Christoforidis GA et al: MR of CNS sarcoidosis: correlation of imaging features to clinical symptoms and response to treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(4):655-69, 1999
Hashmi M et al: Diagnosis and treatment of intramedullary spinal cord sarcoidosis. J Neurol. 245(3):178-80, 1998
Jallo GI et al: Intraspinal sarcoidosis: diagnosis and management. Surg Neurol. 48(5):514-20; discussion 521, 1997
Lexa FJ et al: MR of sarcoidosis in the head and spine: spectrum of manifestations and radiographic response to steroid therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 15(5):973-82, 1994
Junger SS et al: Intramedullary spinal sarcoidosis: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. Neurology. 43(2):333-7, 1993
Seltzer S et al: CNS sarcoidosis: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(6):1227-33, 1991
Nesbit GM et al: Spinal cord sarcoidosis: a new finding at MR imaging with Gd-DTPA enhancement. Radiology. 173(3):839-43, 1989
Terunuma H et al: Sarcoidosis presenting as progressive myelopathy. Clin Neuropathol. 7(2):77-80, 1988
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Neurosarcoidosis
Definitions
Noncaseating granulomatous disease of spine and spinal cord
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Murphy OC et al: Clinical and MRI phenotypes of sarcoidosis-associated myelopathy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 7(4):e722, 2020
Ben Hassine I et al: Osseous sarcoidosis: a multicenter retrospective case-control study of 48 patients. Joint Bone Spine. 86(6):789-93, 2019
Sigaux J et al: High prevalence of spondyloarthritis in sarcoidosis patients with chronic back pain. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 49(2):246-50, 2019
Soni N et al: Imaging findings in spinal sarcoidosis: a report of 18 cases and review of the current literature. Neuroradiol J. 32(1):17-28, 2019
Sohn M et al: Spinal cord neurosarcoidosis. Am J Med Sci. 347(3):195-8, 2014
Nozaki K et al: Neurosarcoidosis. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 15(4):492-504, 2013
Brembilla C et al: Surgical management in spinal sarcoidosis: case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(7):E258-61, 2009
Makino T et al: Diffuse neurosarcoidosis involving only the leptomeninges of the brainstem and spinal cord. Intern Med. 48(21):1909-13, 2009
Varron L et al: Spinal cord sarcoidosis: report of seven cases. Eur J Neurol. 16(3):289-96, 2009
Beros V et al: Thoracic intramedullary sarcoidosis mimicking an intramedullary tumor. Coll Antropol. 32(2):645-7, 2008
Dubey N et al: Role of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis. J Neurol Sci. 205(1):77-81, 2002
Gullapalli D et al: Neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis. Neurol Clin. 20(1):59-83, vi, 2002
Bode MK et al: Isolated neurosarcoidosis - MR findings and pathologic correlation. Acta Radiol. 42(6):563-7, 2001
Hayat GR et al: Solitary intramedullary neurosarcoidosis: role of MRI in early detection. J Neuroimaging. 11(1):66-70, 2001
Maroun FB et al: Sarcoidosis presenting as an intramedullary spinal cord lesion. Can J Neurol Sci. 28(2):163-6, 2001
Vinas FC et al: Spinal cord sarcoidosis: a diagnostic dilemma. Neurol Res. 23(4):347-52, 2001
Dumas JL et al: Central nervous system sarcoidosis: follow-up at MR imaging during steroid therapy. Radiology. 214(2):411-20, 2000
Koike H et al: Differential response to corticosteroid therapy of MRI findings and clinical manifestations in spinal cord sarcoidosis. J Neurol. 247(7):544-9, 2000
Yasui K et al: Correlation of magnetic resonance imaging findings and histopathology of lesion distribution of spinal cord sarcoidosis at post-mortem. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 26(5):481-7, 2000
Christoforidis GA et al: MR of CNS sarcoidosis: correlation of imaging features to clinical symptoms and response to treatment. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(4):655-69, 1999
Hashmi M et al: Diagnosis and treatment of intramedullary spinal cord sarcoidosis. J Neurol. 245(3):178-80, 1998
Jallo GI et al: Intraspinal sarcoidosis: diagnosis and management. Surg Neurol. 48(5):514-20; discussion 521, 1997
Lexa FJ et al: MR of sarcoidosis in the head and spine: spectrum of manifestations and radiographic response to steroid therapy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 15(5):973-82, 1994
Junger SS et al: Intramedullary spinal sarcoidosis: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics. Neurology. 43(2):333-7, 1993
Seltzer S et al: CNS sarcoidosis: evaluation with contrast-enhanced MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 12(6):1227-33, 1991
Nesbit GM et al: Spinal cord sarcoidosis: a new finding at MR imaging with Gd-DTPA enhancement. Radiology. 173(3):839-43, 1989
Terunuma H et al: Sarcoidosis presenting as progressive myelopathy. Clin Neuropathol. 7(2):77-80, 1988
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