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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Boeck sarcoid, abdominal sarcoidosis
Definitions
- Relatively common, chronic, multisystem disease of unknown origin characterized by presence of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Naeem M et al: Imaging spectrum of granulomatous diseases of the abdomen and pelvis. Radiographics. 41(3):783-801, 2021
- Connelly C et al: Extrapulmonary involvement in sarcoidosis: a case report. Am J Med Case Rep. 8(7):210-5, 2020
- Tana C et al: Ultrasound imaging of abdominal sarcoidosis: state of the art. World J Clin Cases. 7(7):809-18, 2019
- Ibrahim AM et al: Hepatic involvement in systemic sarcoidosis. Am J Case Rep. 19:1212-5, 2018
- Fetzer DT et al: Hepatic sarcoidosis in patients presenting with liver dysfunction: imaging appearance, pathological correlation and disease evolution. Eur Radiol. 26(9):3129-37, 2016
- Gezer NS et al: Abdominal sarcoidosis: cross-sectional imaging findings. Diagn Interv Radiol. 21(2):111-7, 2015
- Promteangtrong C et al: The role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in the management of sarcoidosis patients. Hell J Nucl Med. 17(2):123-35, 2014
- Karaosmanoğlu AD et al: Imaging of hepatobiliary involvement in sarcoidosis. Abdom Imaging. 40(8):3330-7, 2015
- Spagnolo P et al: Sarcoidosis: challenging diagnostic aspects of an old disease. Am J Med. 125(2):118-25, 2012
- Heinle R et al: Diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis. Autoimmun Rev. 13(4-5):383-7, 2014
- Cremers J et al: Liver-test abnormalities in sarcoidosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24(1):17-24, 2012
- Ghani AA et al: Isolated sarcoid renal granulomatous tubulointerstitial disease. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 22(6):1208-10, 2011
- Hamzeh N: Sarcoidosis. Med Clin North Am. 95(6):1223-34, 2011
- Raber EL et al: Splenic sarcoidosis: a case report and review of the imaging findings of multiple incidental splenic lesions as the initial presentation of sarcoidosis. Can J Gastroenterol. 25(9):477-8, 2011
- Treglia G et al: Emerging role of whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a marker of disease activity in patients with sarcoidosis: a systematic review. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 28(2):87-94, 2011
- Elsayes KM et al: MR imaging of the spleen: spectrum of abnormalities. Radiographics. 25(4):967-82, 2005
- Koyama T et al: Radiologic manifestations of sarcoidosis in various organs. Radiographics. 24(1):87-104, 2004
- Amarapurkar DN et al: Hepatic sarcoidosis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 22(3):98-100, 2003
- Sartori S et al: Sonographically guided biopsy and sonographic monitoring in the diagnosis and follow-up of 2 cases of sarcoidosis with hepatic nodules and inconclusive thoracic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 21(9):1035-9, 2002
- Scott GC et al: CT patterns of nodular hepatic and splenic sarcoidosis: a review of the literature. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21(3):369-72, 1997
- Warshauer DM et al: Abdominal CT findings in sarcoidosis: radiologic and clinical correlation. Radiology. 192(1):93-8, 1994
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Boeck sarcoid, abdominal sarcoidosis
Definitions
- Relatively common, chronic, multisystem disease of unknown origin characterized by presence of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Naeem M et al: Imaging spectrum of granulomatous diseases of the abdomen and pelvis. Radiographics. 41(3):783-801, 2021
- Connelly C et al: Extrapulmonary involvement in sarcoidosis: a case report. Am J Med Case Rep. 8(7):210-5, 2020
- Tana C et al: Ultrasound imaging of abdominal sarcoidosis: state of the art. World J Clin Cases. 7(7):809-18, 2019
- Ibrahim AM et al: Hepatic involvement in systemic sarcoidosis. Am J Case Rep. 19:1212-5, 2018
- Fetzer DT et al: Hepatic sarcoidosis in patients presenting with liver dysfunction: imaging appearance, pathological correlation and disease evolution. Eur Radiol. 26(9):3129-37, 2016
- Gezer NS et al: Abdominal sarcoidosis: cross-sectional imaging findings. Diagn Interv Radiol. 21(2):111-7, 2015
- Promteangtrong C et al: The role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging in the management of sarcoidosis patients. Hell J Nucl Med. 17(2):123-35, 2014
- Karaosmanoğlu AD et al: Imaging of hepatobiliary involvement in sarcoidosis. Abdom Imaging. 40(8):3330-7, 2015
- Spagnolo P et al: Sarcoidosis: challenging diagnostic aspects of an old disease. Am J Med. 125(2):118-25, 2012
- Heinle R et al: Diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis. Autoimmun Rev. 13(4-5):383-7, 2014
- Cremers J et al: Liver-test abnormalities in sarcoidosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 24(1):17-24, 2012
- Ghani AA et al: Isolated sarcoid renal granulomatous tubulointerstitial disease. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 22(6):1208-10, 2011
- Hamzeh N: Sarcoidosis. Med Clin North Am. 95(6):1223-34, 2011
- Raber EL et al: Splenic sarcoidosis: a case report and review of the imaging findings of multiple incidental splenic lesions as the initial presentation of sarcoidosis. Can J Gastroenterol. 25(9):477-8, 2011
- Treglia G et al: Emerging role of whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography as a marker of disease activity in patients with sarcoidosis: a systematic review. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 28(2):87-94, 2011
- Elsayes KM et al: MR imaging of the spleen: spectrum of abnormalities. Radiographics. 25(4):967-82, 2005
- Koyama T et al: Radiologic manifestations of sarcoidosis in various organs. Radiographics. 24(1):87-104, 2004
- Amarapurkar DN et al: Hepatic sarcoidosis. Indian J Gastroenterol. 22(3):98-100, 2003
- Sartori S et al: Sonographically guided biopsy and sonographic monitoring in the diagnosis and follow-up of 2 cases of sarcoidosis with hepatic nodules and inconclusive thoracic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 21(9):1035-9, 2002
- Scott GC et al: CT patterns of nodular hepatic and splenic sarcoidosis: a review of the literature. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21(3):369-72, 1997
- Warshauer DM et al: Abdominal CT findings in sarcoidosis: radiologic and clinical correlation. Radiology. 192(1):93-8, 1994
