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Scheuermann Disease
Jeffrey S. Ross, MD; Kevin R. Moore, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            • Diagnostic Checklist

              TERMINOLOGY

              • Synonyms

                • Juvenile kyphosis, Scheuermann kyphosis
              • Definitions

                • Kyphosis secondary to multiple Schmorl nodes → vertebral body wedging
                • Schmorl node: Invagination of disc material through vertebral body endplate

              IMAGING

              • General Features

                • Radiographic Findings

                  • CT Findings

                    • MR Findings

                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                        • Other Modality Findings

                          • Imaging Recommendations

                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                              PATHOLOGY

                              • General Features

                                • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                  • Microscopic Features

                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                    • Presentation

                                      • Demographics

                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                          • Treatment

                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                              Selected References

                                              1. Huq S et al: Treatment approaches for Scheuermann kyphosis: a systematic review of historic and current management. J Neurosurg Spine. 32(2):235-47, 2019
                                              2. Sardar ZM et al: Scheuermann's kyphosis: diagnosis, management, and selecting fusion levels. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 27(10):e462-72, 2019
                                              3. Palazzo C et al: Scheuermann's disease: an update. Joint Bone Spine. 81(3):209-14, 2014
                                              4. Makurthou AA et al: Scheuermann disease: evaluation of radiological criteria and population prevalence. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(19):1690-4, 2013
                                              5. Sugrue PA et al: Rapidly progressive Scheuermann's disease in an adolescent after pectus bar placement treated with posterior vertebral-column resection: case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(4):E259-62, 2013
                                              6. d'Hemecourt PA et al: Spinal deformity in young athletes. Clin Sports Med. 31(3):441-51, 2012
                                              7. Jagtap SA et al: Scheuermann disease presenting as compressive myelopathy. Neurology. 78(16):1279, 2012
                                              8. Damborg F et al: Genetic epidemiology of Scheuermann's disease. Acta Orthop. 82(5):602-5, 2011
                                              9. Tsirikos AI et al: Scheuermann's kyphosis; current controversies. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 93(7):857-64, 2011
                                              10. Lowe TG et al: Evidence based medicine: analysis of Scheuermann kyphosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(19 Suppl):S115-9, 2007
                                              11. Lowe TG: Scheuermann's kyphosis. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 18(2):305-15, 2007
                                              12. Soo CL et al: Scheuermann kyphosis: long-term follow-up. Spine J. 2(1):49-56, 2002
                                              13. Stotts AK et al: Measurement of spinal kyphosis: implications for the management of Scheuermann's kyphosis. Spine. 27(19):2143-6, 2002
                                              14. Wenger DR et al: Scheuermann kyphosis. Spine. 24(24):2630-9, 1999
                                              15. Swischuk LE et al: Disk degenerative disease in childhood: Scheuermann's disease, Schmorl's nodes, and the limbus vertebra: MRI findings in 12 patients. Pediatr Radiol. 28(5):334-8, 1998
                                              16. Tribus CB: Scheuermann's kyphosis in adolescents and adults: diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 6(1):36-43, 1998
                                              17. Platero D et al: Juvenile kyphosis: effects of different variables on conservative treatment outcome. Acta Orthop Belg. 63(3):194-201, 1997
                                              18. Chiu KY et al: Cord compression caused by multiple disc herniations and intraspinal cyst in Scheuermann's disease. Spine. 20(9):1075-9, 1995
                                              19. Mandell GA et al: Bone scintigraphy in patients with atypical lumbar Scheuermann disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 13(5):622-7, 1993
                                              20. Murray PM et al: The natural history and long-term follow-up of Scheuermann kyphosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 75(2):236-48, 1993
                                              21. Farsetti P et al: Juvenile and idiopathic kyphosis. Long-term follow-up of 20 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 110(3):165-8, 1991
                                              22. Findlay A et al: Dominant inheritance of Scheuermann's juvenile kyphosis. J Med Genet. 26(6):400-3, 1989
                                              23. Blumenthal SL et al: Lumbar Scheuermann's. A clinical series and classification. Spine. 12(9):929-32, 1987
                                              24. Ippolito E et al: Juvenile kyphosis: histological and histochemical studies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 63(2):175-82, 1981
                                              25. Fon GT et al: Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 134(5):979-83, 1980
                                              Related Anatomy
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                                              Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                              References
                                              Tables

                                              Tables

                                              KEY FACTS

                                              • Terminology

                                                • Imaging

                                                  • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                    • Pathology

                                                      • Clinical Issues

                                                        • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                                          • Synonyms

                                                            • Juvenile kyphosis, Scheuermann kyphosis
                                                          • Definitions

                                                            • Kyphosis secondary to multiple Schmorl nodes → vertebral body wedging
                                                            • Schmorl node: Invagination of disc material through vertebral body endplate

                                                          IMAGING

                                                          • General Features

                                                            • Radiographic Findings

                                                              • CT Findings

                                                                • MR Findings

                                                                  • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                    • Other Modality Findings

                                                                      • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                          PATHOLOGY

                                                                          • General Features

                                                                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                              • Microscopic Features

                                                                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                                • Presentation

                                                                                  • Demographics

                                                                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                      • Treatment

                                                                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                          Selected References

                                                                                          1. Huq S et al: Treatment approaches for Scheuermann kyphosis: a systematic review of historic and current management. J Neurosurg Spine. 32(2):235-47, 2019
                                                                                          2. Sardar ZM et al: Scheuermann's kyphosis: diagnosis, management, and selecting fusion levels. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 27(10):e462-72, 2019
                                                                                          3. Palazzo C et al: Scheuermann's disease: an update. Joint Bone Spine. 81(3):209-14, 2014
                                                                                          4. Makurthou AA et al: Scheuermann disease: evaluation of radiological criteria and population prevalence. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(19):1690-4, 2013
                                                                                          5. Sugrue PA et al: Rapidly progressive Scheuermann's disease in an adolescent after pectus bar placement treated with posterior vertebral-column resection: case report and review of the literature. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(4):E259-62, 2013
                                                                                          6. d'Hemecourt PA et al: Spinal deformity in young athletes. Clin Sports Med. 31(3):441-51, 2012
                                                                                          7. Jagtap SA et al: Scheuermann disease presenting as compressive myelopathy. Neurology. 78(16):1279, 2012
                                                                                          8. Damborg F et al: Genetic epidemiology of Scheuermann's disease. Acta Orthop. 82(5):602-5, 2011
                                                                                          9. Tsirikos AI et al: Scheuermann's kyphosis; current controversies. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 93(7):857-64, 2011
                                                                                          10. Lowe TG et al: Evidence based medicine: analysis of Scheuermann kyphosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32(19 Suppl):S115-9, 2007
                                                                                          11. Lowe TG: Scheuermann's kyphosis. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 18(2):305-15, 2007
                                                                                          12. Soo CL et al: Scheuermann kyphosis: long-term follow-up. Spine J. 2(1):49-56, 2002
                                                                                          13. Stotts AK et al: Measurement of spinal kyphosis: implications for the management of Scheuermann's kyphosis. Spine. 27(19):2143-6, 2002
                                                                                          14. Wenger DR et al: Scheuermann kyphosis. Spine. 24(24):2630-9, 1999
                                                                                          15. Swischuk LE et al: Disk degenerative disease in childhood: Scheuermann's disease, Schmorl's nodes, and the limbus vertebra: MRI findings in 12 patients. Pediatr Radiol. 28(5):334-8, 1998
                                                                                          16. Tribus CB: Scheuermann's kyphosis in adolescents and adults: diagnosis and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 6(1):36-43, 1998
                                                                                          17. Platero D et al: Juvenile kyphosis: effects of different variables on conservative treatment outcome. Acta Orthop Belg. 63(3):194-201, 1997
                                                                                          18. Chiu KY et al: Cord compression caused by multiple disc herniations and intraspinal cyst in Scheuermann's disease. Spine. 20(9):1075-9, 1995
                                                                                          19. Mandell GA et al: Bone scintigraphy in patients with atypical lumbar Scheuermann disease. J Pediatr Orthop. 13(5):622-7, 1993
                                                                                          20. Murray PM et al: The natural history and long-term follow-up of Scheuermann kyphosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 75(2):236-48, 1993
                                                                                          21. Farsetti P et al: Juvenile and idiopathic kyphosis. Long-term follow-up of 20 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 110(3):165-8, 1991
                                                                                          22. Findlay A et al: Dominant inheritance of Scheuermann's juvenile kyphosis. J Med Genet. 26(6):400-3, 1989
                                                                                          23. Blumenthal SL et al: Lumbar Scheuermann's. A clinical series and classification. Spine. 12(9):929-32, 1987
                                                                                          24. Ippolito E et al: Juvenile kyphosis: histological and histochemical studies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 63(2):175-82, 1981
                                                                                          25. Fon GT et al: Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 134(5):979-83, 1980