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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Idiopathic scoliosis, neuromuscular scoliosis, congenital scoliosis
Definitions
- Presence of lateral curvature(s) of spine with Cobb angle of ≥ 10°, often associated with vertebral rotation
- 2 types
- Flexible: Nonstructural, corrects with ipsilateral bending, usually does not progress
- Structural: Rigid, does not demonstrate correction with ipsilateral bending
- Cobb angle of ≥ 25° on ipsilateral bending
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Cheung JP et al: Clinical utility of ultrasound to prospectively monitor distraction of magnetically controlled growing rods. Spine J. 16(2):204-9, 2016
- Hirsch C et al: Flexibility analysis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis on side-bending images using the EOS imaging system. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 102(4):495-500, 2016
- Melhem E et al: EOS(®) biplanar X-ray imaging: concept, developments, benefits, and limitations. J Child Orthop. 10(1):1-14, 2016
- Wang Q et al: Validity study of vertebral rotation measurement using 3-D ultrasound in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 42(7):1473-81, 2016
- Zhang W et al: The prevalence of intraspinal anomalies in infantile and juvenile patients with "presumed idiopathic" scoliosis: a MRI-based analysis of 504 patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 17(1):189, 2016
- Kim H et al: Scoliosis imaging: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 30(7):1823-42, 2010
- Inoue M et al: Preoperative MRI analysis of patients with idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(1):108-14, 2005
- Richards BS et al: Standardization of criteria for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis brace studies: SRS Committee on Bracing and Nonoperative Management. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(18):2068-75; discussion 2076-7, 2005
- Hedequist D et al: Congenital scoliosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 12(4):266-75, 2004
- Christodoulou A et al: Idiopathic scoliosis. Segmental fusion with transpedicular screws. Stud Health Technol Inform. 91:433-7, 2002
- Goldberg CJ et al: The natural history of early onset scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform. 91:68-70, 2002
- Vitale MG et al: Orthopaedic manifestations of neurofibromatosis in children: an update. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (401):107-18, 2002
- Mohanty S et al: Patterns of presentation of congenital scoliosis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 8(2):33-37, 2000
- Nokes SR et al: Childhood scoliosis: MR imaging. Radiology. 164(3):791-7, 1987
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Idiopathic scoliosis, neuromuscular scoliosis, congenital scoliosis
Definitions
- Presence of lateral curvature(s) of spine with Cobb angle of ≥ 10°, often associated with vertebral rotation
- 2 types
- Flexible: Nonstructural, corrects with ipsilateral bending, usually does not progress
- Structural: Rigid, does not demonstrate correction with ipsilateral bending
- Cobb angle of ≥ 25° on ipsilateral bending
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Cheung JP et al: Clinical utility of ultrasound to prospectively monitor distraction of magnetically controlled growing rods. Spine J. 16(2):204-9, 2016
- Hirsch C et al: Flexibility analysis in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis on side-bending images using the EOS imaging system. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 102(4):495-500, 2016
- Melhem E et al: EOS(®) biplanar X-ray imaging: concept, developments, benefits, and limitations. J Child Orthop. 10(1):1-14, 2016
- Wang Q et al: Validity study of vertebral rotation measurement using 3-D ultrasound in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 42(7):1473-81, 2016
- Zhang W et al: The prevalence of intraspinal anomalies in infantile and juvenile patients with "presumed idiopathic" scoliosis: a MRI-based analysis of 504 patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 17(1):189, 2016
- Kim H et al: Scoliosis imaging: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 30(7):1823-42, 2010
- Inoue M et al: Preoperative MRI analysis of patients with idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(1):108-14, 2005
- Richards BS et al: Standardization of criteria for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis brace studies: SRS Committee on Bracing and Nonoperative Management. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30(18):2068-75; discussion 2076-7, 2005
- Hedequist D et al: Congenital scoliosis. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 12(4):266-75, 2004
- Christodoulou A et al: Idiopathic scoliosis. Segmental fusion with transpedicular screws. Stud Health Technol Inform. 91:433-7, 2002
- Goldberg CJ et al: The natural history of early onset scoliosis. Stud Health Technol Inform. 91:68-70, 2002
- Vitale MG et al: Orthopaedic manifestations of neurofibromatosis in children: an update. Clin Orthop Relat Res. (401):107-18, 2002
- Mohanty S et al: Patterns of presentation of congenital scoliosis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 8(2):33-37, 2000
- Nokes SR et al: Childhood scoliosis: MR imaging. Radiology. 164(3):791-7, 1987
