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Spine
Diagnosis
Congenital and Genetic Disorders
Congenital
Anomalies of Caudal Cell Mess
Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis
Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis
Kevin R. Moore, MD; Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            • Diagnostic Checklist

              TERMINOLOGY

              • Abbreviations

                • Segmental spinal dysgenesis (SSD), caudal regression syndrome (CRS)

              • Definitions

                • Complex congenital spinal malformation
                  • Localized segmental agenesis/dysgenesis of lumbar or thoracolumbar spine, spinal cord
                  • Distal spinal osseous architecture usually normal (unless concurrent CRS)

              IMAGING

              • General Features

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  • Radiographic Findings

                    • CT Findings

                      • MR Findings

                        • Ultrasonographic Findings

                          DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                            PATHOLOGY

                            • General Features

                              • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                  • Presentation

                                    • Demographics

                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                        • Treatment

                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                          • Consider

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Eibach S et al: Do junctional neural tube defect and segmental spinal dysgenesis have the same pathoembryological background? Childs Nerv Syst. ePub, 2020
                                            2. Wang KC et al: Do junctional neural tube defect and segmental spinal dysgenesis have the same pathoembryological background? Childs Nerv Syst. 36(2):241-50, 2020
                                            3. Chellathurai A et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis-"redefined". Asian Spine J. 13(2):189-97, 2019
                                            4. Naik S et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: a rare congenital spinal malformation. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 29(4):480-1, 2019
                                            5. Cacciola F et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis associated with occult dysraphism: considerations on management strategies. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 8(2):144-8, 2017
                                            6. Morell SM et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: a report of early surgical intervention and outcome in a 14-month-old child. Childs Nerv Syst. 33(2):381-4, 2017
                                            7. Pavlova OM et al: Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar segmental spinal dysgenesis: optimal type of fusion. World Neurosurg. 106:551-6, 2017
                                            8. Valdez Quintana M et al: Fetal segmental spinal dysgenesis and unusual segmental agenesis of the anterior spinal artery. Childs Nerv Syst. 32(8):1537-41, 2016
                                            9. Lenke LG et al: Complications after 147 consecutive vertebral column resections for severe pediatric spinal deformity: a multicenter analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(2):119-32, 2013
                                            10. Pahwa S et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: a rare malformation of the spinal cord. Neurol India. 58(2):334-5, 2010
                                            11. Emmanouilidou M et al: Spinal segmental dysgenesis: presentation of a rare spinal congenital abnormality. Neuroradiol J. 21(3):388-92, 2008
                                            12. Bristol RE et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: report of four cases and proposed management strategy. Childs Nerv Syst. 23(3):359-64, 2007
                                            13. Fratelli N et al: Prenatal diagnosis of segmental spinal dysgenesis. Prenat Diagn. 27(10):979-81, 2007
                                            14. Ofiram E et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: case report of a 50-year follow-up after surgery at age 3 years: case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 31(2):E59-61, 2006
                                            15. Zana E et al: An atypical case of segmental spinal dysgenesis. Pediatr Radiol. 35(9):914-7, 2005
                                            16. Erol B et al: Congenital scoliosis and vertebral malformations: characterization of segmental defects for genetic analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 24(6):674-82, 2004
                                            17. Rossi A et al: Imaging in spine and spinal cord malformations. Eur J Radiol. 50(2):177-200, 2004
                                            18. Buyse G et al: Segmental spinal cord hypoplasia and meningocele with preservation of medullary function: case report. Surg Neurol. 59(6):505-7; discussion 508, 2003
                                            19. Desai K et al: Congenital thoracic cord segmental amyelia: a rare manifestation of segmental spinal dysgenesis. Pediatr Neurosurg. 38(2):102-6, 2003
                                            20. Tortori-Donati P et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: neuroradiologic findings with clinical and embryologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(3):445-56, 1999
                                            21. Dias MS et al: The embryogenesis of congenital vertebral dislocation: early embryonic buckling? Pediatr Neurosurg. 29(6):281-9, 1998
                                            22. Hughes LO et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: a report of three cases. J Pediatr Orthop. 18(2):227-32, 1998
                                            23. Achiron R et al: Second-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis of segmental vertebral abnormalities associated with neurological deficit: a possible new variant of occult spinal dysraphism. Prenat Diagn. 16(8):760-3, 1996
                                            24. Faciszewski T et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis. A disorder different from spinal agenesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 77(4):530-7, 1995
                                            25. Scott RM et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis. Neurosurgery. 22(4):739-44, 1988
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Pathology

                                                    • Clinical Issues

                                                      • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                        TERMINOLOGY

                                                        • Abbreviations

                                                          • Segmental spinal dysgenesis (SSD), caudal regression syndrome (CRS)

                                                        • Definitions

                                                          • Complex congenital spinal malformation
                                                            • Localized segmental agenesis/dysgenesis of lumbar or thoracolumbar spine, spinal cord
                                                            • Distal spinal osseous architecture usually normal (unless concurrent CRS)

                                                        IMAGING

                                                        • General Features

                                                          • Imaging Recommendations

                                                            • Radiographic Findings

                                                              • CT Findings

                                                                • MR Findings

                                                                  • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                      PATHOLOGY

                                                                      • General Features

                                                                        • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                            • Presentation

                                                                              • Demographics

                                                                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                    • Consider

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Eibach S et al: Do junctional neural tube defect and segmental spinal dysgenesis have the same pathoembryological background? Childs Nerv Syst. ePub, 2020
                                                                                      2. Wang KC et al: Do junctional neural tube defect and segmental spinal dysgenesis have the same pathoembryological background? Childs Nerv Syst. 36(2):241-50, 2020
                                                                                      3. Chellathurai A et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis-"redefined". Asian Spine J. 13(2):189-97, 2019
                                                                                      4. Naik S et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: a rare congenital spinal malformation. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 29(4):480-1, 2019
                                                                                      5. Cacciola F et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis associated with occult dysraphism: considerations on management strategies. J Craniovertebr Junction Spine. 8(2):144-8, 2017
                                                                                      6. Morell SM et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: a report of early surgical intervention and outcome in a 14-month-old child. Childs Nerv Syst. 33(2):381-4, 2017
                                                                                      7. Pavlova OM et al: Surgical treatment of thoracolumbar segmental spinal dysgenesis: optimal type of fusion. World Neurosurg. 106:551-6, 2017
                                                                                      8. Valdez Quintana M et al: Fetal segmental spinal dysgenesis and unusual segmental agenesis of the anterior spinal artery. Childs Nerv Syst. 32(8):1537-41, 2016
                                                                                      9. Lenke LG et al: Complications after 147 consecutive vertebral column resections for severe pediatric spinal deformity: a multicenter analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38(2):119-32, 2013
                                                                                      10. Pahwa S et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: a rare malformation of the spinal cord. Neurol India. 58(2):334-5, 2010
                                                                                      11. Emmanouilidou M et al: Spinal segmental dysgenesis: presentation of a rare spinal congenital abnormality. Neuroradiol J. 21(3):388-92, 2008
                                                                                      12. Bristol RE et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: report of four cases and proposed management strategy. Childs Nerv Syst. 23(3):359-64, 2007
                                                                                      13. Fratelli N et al: Prenatal diagnosis of segmental spinal dysgenesis. Prenat Diagn. 27(10):979-81, 2007
                                                                                      14. Ofiram E et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: case report of a 50-year follow-up after surgery at age 3 years: case report. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 31(2):E59-61, 2006
                                                                                      15. Zana E et al: An atypical case of segmental spinal dysgenesis. Pediatr Radiol. 35(9):914-7, 2005
                                                                                      16. Erol B et al: Congenital scoliosis and vertebral malformations: characterization of segmental defects for genetic analysis. J Pediatr Orthop. 24(6):674-82, 2004
                                                                                      17. Rossi A et al: Imaging in spine and spinal cord malformations. Eur J Radiol. 50(2):177-200, 2004
                                                                                      18. Buyse G et al: Segmental spinal cord hypoplasia and meningocele with preservation of medullary function: case report. Surg Neurol. 59(6):505-7; discussion 508, 2003
                                                                                      19. Desai K et al: Congenital thoracic cord segmental amyelia: a rare manifestation of segmental spinal dysgenesis. Pediatr Neurosurg. 38(2):102-6, 2003
                                                                                      20. Tortori-Donati P et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: neuroradiologic findings with clinical and embryologic correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(3):445-56, 1999
                                                                                      21. Dias MS et al: The embryogenesis of congenital vertebral dislocation: early embryonic buckling? Pediatr Neurosurg. 29(6):281-9, 1998
                                                                                      22. Hughes LO et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis: a report of three cases. J Pediatr Orthop. 18(2):227-32, 1998
                                                                                      23. Achiron R et al: Second-trimester ultrasonographic diagnosis of segmental vertebral abnormalities associated with neurological deficit: a possible new variant of occult spinal dysraphism. Prenat Diagn. 16(8):760-3, 1996
                                                                                      24. Faciszewski T et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis. A disorder different from spinal agenesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 77(4):530-7, 1995
                                                                                      25. Scott RM et al: Segmental spinal dysgenesis. Neurosurgery. 22(4):739-44, 1988