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Ultrasound
Diagnosis
Female Pelvis
Miscellaneous Ovarian Masses
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
Margarita V. Revzin, MD, MS
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Definitions

            • Group of ovarian tumors arising from either embryonic sex cords or mesenchyme
              • Fibroma, thecoma, fibrothecoma
              • Granulosa cell tumor: Occurs in both adult and juvenile forms
              • Sertoli-Leydig tumor (androblastoma)
              • Sclerosing stromal tumor, steroid cell tumors, gynandroblastoma, and sex cord tumor with annular tubules

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Ultrasonographic Findings

              • MR Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                    PATHOLOGY

                    • General Features

                      • Microscopic Features

                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                        • Presentation

                          • Demographics

                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                              • Consider

                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                  Selected References

                                  1. Elsherif S et al: Multimodality imaging and genomics of granulosa cell tumors. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(3):812-27, 2020
                                  2. Young RH: Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours and their mimics. Pathology. 50(1):5-15, 2018
                                  3. Hogan ME et al: Ovarian fibroma presenting with Meigs syndrome. Ultrasound Q. 31(3):215-8, 2015
                                  4. Heo SH et al: Review of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 34(7):2039-55, 2014
                                  5. Singh AK et al: Gorlin syndrome. J Pediatr. 164(6):1501-e1, 2014
                                  6. Sekkate S et al: Ovarian granulosa cell tumors: a retrospective study of 27 cases and a review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol. 11:142, 2013
                                  7. Yen P et al: Ovarian fibromas and fibrothecomas: sonographic correlation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a 5-year single-institution experience. J Ultrasound Med. 32(1):13-8, 2013
                                  8. Alcázar JL et al: Clinical and sonographic features of uncommon primary ovarian malignancies. J Clin Ultrasound. 40(6):323-9, 2012
                                  9. Chung EM et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: precocious puberty: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 32(7):2071-99, 2012
                                  10. Shinagare AB et al: MRI features of ovarian fibroma and fibrothecoma with histopathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(3):W296-303, 2012
                                  11. Kim JA et al: High-resolution sonographic findings of ovarian granulosa cell tumors: correlation with pathologic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 29(2):187-93, 2010
                                  12. Shanbhogue AK et al: Clinical syndromes associated with ovarian neoplasms: a comprehensive review. Radiographics. 30(4):903-19, 2010
                                  13. Demidov VN et al: Imaging of gynecological disease (2): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of Sertoli cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors and Leydig cell tumors. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 31(1):85-91, 2008
                                  14. Van Holsbeke C et al: Imaging of gynecological disease (3): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 31(4):450-6, 2008
                                  15. Tanaka YO et al: Functioning ovarian tumors: direct and indirect findings at MR imaging. Radiographics. 24 Suppl 1:S147-66, 2004
                                  16. Kim SH et al: Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: common findings and unusual appearances on CT and MR. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 26(5):756-61, 2002
                                  17. Outwater EK et al: Virilizing tumors of the ovary: imaging features. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 15(5):365-71, 2000
                                  18. Outwater EK et al: Sex cord-stromal and steroid cell tumors of the ovary. Radiographics. 18(6):1523-46, 1998
                                  19. Malmstrom H et al: Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: prognostic factors and outcome. Gynecol Oncol. 52(1):50-5, 1994
                                  Related Anatomy
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                                  Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                  References
                                  Tables

                                  Tables

                                  KEY FACTS

                                  • Terminology

                                    • Imaging

                                      • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                        • Clinical Issues

                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                          • Definitions

                                            • Group of ovarian tumors arising from either embryonic sex cords or mesenchyme
                                              • Fibroma, thecoma, fibrothecoma
                                              • Granulosa cell tumor: Occurs in both adult and juvenile forms
                                              • Sertoli-Leydig tumor (androblastoma)
                                              • Sclerosing stromal tumor, steroid cell tumors, gynandroblastoma, and sex cord tumor with annular tubules

                                          IMAGING

                                          • General Features

                                            • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                              • MR Findings

                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Microscopic Features

                                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                        • Presentation

                                                          • Demographics

                                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                              • Consider

                                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                  Selected References

                                                                  1. Elsherif S et al: Multimodality imaging and genomics of granulosa cell tumors. Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(3):812-27, 2020
                                                                  2. Young RH: Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours and their mimics. Pathology. 50(1):5-15, 2018
                                                                  3. Hogan ME et al: Ovarian fibroma presenting with Meigs syndrome. Ultrasound Q. 31(3):215-8, 2015
                                                                  4. Heo SH et al: Review of ovarian tumors in children and adolescents: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 34(7):2039-55, 2014
                                                                  5. Singh AK et al: Gorlin syndrome. J Pediatr. 164(6):1501-e1, 2014
                                                                  6. Sekkate S et al: Ovarian granulosa cell tumors: a retrospective study of 27 cases and a review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol. 11:142, 2013
                                                                  7. Yen P et al: Ovarian fibromas and fibrothecomas: sonographic correlation with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a 5-year single-institution experience. J Ultrasound Med. 32(1):13-8, 2013
                                                                  8. Alcázar JL et al: Clinical and sonographic features of uncommon primary ovarian malignancies. J Clin Ultrasound. 40(6):323-9, 2012
                                                                  9. Chung EM et al: From the radiologic pathology archives: precocious puberty: radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 32(7):2071-99, 2012
                                                                  10. Shinagare AB et al: MRI features of ovarian fibroma and fibrothecoma with histopathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(3):W296-303, 2012
                                                                  11. Kim JA et al: High-resolution sonographic findings of ovarian granulosa cell tumors: correlation with pathologic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 29(2):187-93, 2010
                                                                  12. Shanbhogue AK et al: Clinical syndromes associated with ovarian neoplasms: a comprehensive review. Radiographics. 30(4):903-19, 2010
                                                                  13. Demidov VN et al: Imaging of gynecological disease (2): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of Sertoli cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors and Leydig cell tumors. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 31(1):85-91, 2008
                                                                  14. Van Holsbeke C et al: Imaging of gynecological disease (3): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 31(4):450-6, 2008
                                                                  15. Tanaka YO et al: Functioning ovarian tumors: direct and indirect findings at MR imaging. Radiographics. 24 Suppl 1:S147-66, 2004
                                                                  16. Kim SH et al: Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: common findings and unusual appearances on CT and MR. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 26(5):756-61, 2002
                                                                  17. Outwater EK et al: Virilizing tumors of the ovary: imaging features. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 15(5):365-71, 2000
                                                                  18. Outwater EK et al: Sex cord-stromal and steroid cell tumors of the ovary. Radiographics. 18(6):1523-46, 1998
                                                                  19. Malmstrom H et al: Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: prognostic factors and outcome. Gynecol Oncol. 52(1):50-5, 1994