Choby G et al: Computed tomography analysis of frontal cell prevalence according to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. ePub, 2018
Iida E et al: Imaging of Paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base and relevant anatomic variations. Radiol Clin North Am. 55(1):31-52, 2017
Wormald PJ et al: The International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) and Classification of the Extent of Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery (EFSS). Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 6(7):677-96, 2016
Shpilberg KA et al: CT of Anatomic Variants of the Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Cavity: Poor Correlation With Radiologically Significant Rhinosinusitis but Importance in Surgical Planning. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(6):1255-60, 2015
Vaid S et al: Normal Anatomy and Anatomic Variants of the Paranasal Sinuses on Computed Tomography. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 25(4):527-48, 2015
Alkire BC et al: An assessment of sinonasal anatomic variants potentially associated with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 120(3):631-4, 2010
Hoang JK et al: Multiplanar sinus CT: a systematic approach to imaging before functional endoscopic sinus surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(6):W527-36, 2010
Huang BY et al: Failed endoscopic sinus surgery: spectrum of CT findings in the frontal recess. Radiographics. 29(1):177-95, 2009
Aygun N et al: Imaging for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 39(3):403-16, vii, 2006
DelGaudio JM et al: Multiplanar computed tomographic analysis of frontal recess cells: effect on frontal isthmus size and frontal sinusitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 131(3):230-5, 2005
Meyer TK et al: Coronal computed tomography analysis of frontal cells. Am J Rhinol. 17(3):163-8, 2003
Zeifer B: Update on sinonasal imaging: anatomy and inflammatory disease. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 8(3):607-30, 1998
Melhem ER et al: Optimal CT evaluation for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(1):181-8, 1996
Earwaker J: Anatomic variants in sinonasal CT. Radiographics. 13(2):381-415, 1993
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
Key Differential Diagnosis Issues
Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses
Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses
Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses
Other Essential Information
Selected References
Choby G et al: Computed tomography analysis of frontal cell prevalence according to the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. ePub, 2018
Iida E et al: Imaging of Paranasal sinuses and anterior skull base and relevant anatomic variations. Radiol Clin North Am. 55(1):31-52, 2017
Wormald PJ et al: The International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) and Classification of the Extent of Endoscopic Frontal Sinus Surgery (EFSS). Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 6(7):677-96, 2016
Shpilberg KA et al: CT of Anatomic Variants of the Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Cavity: Poor Correlation With Radiologically Significant Rhinosinusitis but Importance in Surgical Planning. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(6):1255-60, 2015
Vaid S et al: Normal Anatomy and Anatomic Variants of the Paranasal Sinuses on Computed Tomography. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 25(4):527-48, 2015
Alkire BC et al: An assessment of sinonasal anatomic variants potentially associated with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 120(3):631-4, 2010
Hoang JK et al: Multiplanar sinus CT: a systematic approach to imaging before functional endoscopic sinus surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(6):W527-36, 2010
Huang BY et al: Failed endoscopic sinus surgery: spectrum of CT findings in the frontal recess. Radiographics. 29(1):177-95, 2009
Aygun N et al: Imaging for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 39(3):403-16, vii, 2006
DelGaudio JM et al: Multiplanar computed tomographic analysis of frontal recess cells: effect on frontal isthmus size and frontal sinusitis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 131(3):230-5, 2005
Meyer TK et al: Coronal computed tomography analysis of frontal cells. Am J Rhinol. 17(3):163-8, 2003
Zeifer B: Update on sinonasal imaging: anatomy and inflammatory disease. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 8(3):607-30, 1998
Melhem ER et al: Optimal CT evaluation for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(1):181-8, 1996
Earwaker J: Anatomic variants in sinonasal CT. Radiographics. 13(2):381-415, 1993
Essential Information
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