Nonneoplastic, inflammatory swelling of sinonasal mucosa that buckles to form polyps
SNP is general term for nonspecific majority of cases
Specific minority forms of CRSwP are classified separately
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Castro A et al: Long term outcomes of balloon sinuplasty for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Am J Otolaryngol. 42(1):102825, 2021
Harrison TW et al: Onset of effect and impact on health-related quality of life, exacerbation rate, lung function, and nasal polyposis symptoms for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (ANDHI): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet Respir Med. 9(3):260-74, 2021
Laidlaw TM et al: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 9(3):1133-41, 2021
Chen S et al: Systematic literature review of humanistic and economic burdens of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Curr Med Res Opin. 36(11):1913-26, 2020
Hussien HA et al: Evaluation of serum total immunoglobulin E, interleukin-17 and pentraxin-3 as biomarkers for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 1945892420983787, 2020
Hall CA et al: Voice outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Laryngoscope. 129(2):299-302, 2019
Le PT et al: Systematic review and meta-analysis of SNOT-22 outcomes after surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 159(3):414-23, 2018
Gudziol V et al: Olfaction and sinonasal symptoms in patients with CRSwNP and AERD and without AERD: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 274(3):1487-93, 2017
Brescia G et al: A prospective investigation of predictive parameters for post-surgical recurrences in sinonasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 273(3):655-60, 2016
White LC et al: Why sinonasal disease spares the inferior turbinate: An immunohistochemical analysis. Laryngoscope. 126(5):E179-83, 2015
Brescia G et al: Can a panel of clinical, laboratory, and pathological variables pinpoint patients with sinonasal polyposis at higher risk of recurrence after surgery? Am J Otolaryngol. 36(4):554-8, 2015
Malagutti N et al: Analysis of Il-10 gene sequence in patients with sinonasal polyposis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 28(3):434-9, 2015
Avelino MA et al: The human leukocyte antigen G molecule (HLA-G) expression in patients with nasal polyposis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 80(3):208-12, 2014
Rizzo R et al: Infection and HLA-G molecules in nasal polyposis. J Immunol Res. 2014:407430, 2014
Hawley KA et al: CT findings of sinonasal respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma: a closer look at the olfactory clefts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(5):1086-90, 2012
Siddiqui J et al: Sinonasal bony changes in nasal polyposis: prevalence and relationship to disease severity. J Laryngol Otol. 127(8):755-9, 2013
Blomqvist EH et al: A randomized prospective study comparing medical and medical-surgical treatment of nasal polyposis by CT. Acta Otolaryngol. 129(5):545-9, 2009
Pearlman AN et al: Relationships between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, asthma, and atopy. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 23(2):145-8, 2009
Bonfils P et al: Evaluation of combined medical and surgical treatment in nasal polyposis - III. Correlation between symptoms and CT scores before and after surgery for nasal polyposis. Acta Otolaryngol. 128(3):318-23, 2008
Can IH et al: The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 139(2):211-5, 2008
Corradini C et al: Hyperproliferation in nasal polyposis tissues is not associated with somatic genomic instability. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 37(4):510-4, 2008
Kahveci OK et al: The role of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in nasal polyp formation. Swiss Med Wkly. 138(45-46):684-8, 2008
Mladina R et al: Biofilm in nasal polyps. Rhinology. 46(4):302-7, 2008
Mortuaire G et al: Lund-Mackay score is predictive of bleeding in ethmoidectomy for nasal polyposis. Rhinology. 46(4):285-8, 2008
Konstantinidis I et al: Olfactory dysfunction in nasal polyposis: correlation with computed tomography findings. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 69(4):226-32, 2007
Gosepath J et al: Current concepts in therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 67(3):125-36, 2005
Larsen PL et al: Origin of nasal polyps: an endoscopic autopsy study. Laryngoscope. 114(4):710-9, 2004
Bateman ND et al: Nasal polyps: still more questions than answers. J Laryngol Otol. 117(1):1-9, 2003
Batra PS et al: Outcome analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyps and asthma. Laryngoscope. 113(10):1703-6, 2003
Dalziel K et al: Systematic review of endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyps. Health Technol Assess. 7(17):iii, 1-159, 2003
Bachert C et al: Mediators in nasal polyposis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2(6):481-7, 2002
Blomqvist EH et al: A randomized controlled study evaluating medical treatment versus surgical treatment in addition to medical treatment of nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 107(2):224-8, 2001
Eggesbo HB et al: CT characterization of developmental variations of the paranasal sinuses in cystic fibrosis. Acta Radiol 42:482-93, 2001
Eggesbø HB et al: Hypoplasia of the sphenoid sinuses as a diagnostic tool in cystic fibrosis. Acta Radiol. 40(5):479-85, 1999
Liang EY et al: Another CT sign of sinonasal polyposis: truncation of the bony middle turbinate. Eur Radiol. 6(4):553-6, 1996
Drutman J et al: Sinonasal polyposis: investigation by direct coronal CT. Neuroradiology. 36(6):469-72, 1994
Nonneoplastic, inflammatory swelling of sinonasal mucosa that buckles to form polyps
SNP is general term for nonspecific majority of cases
Specific minority forms of CRSwP are classified separately
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Castro A et al: Long term outcomes of balloon sinuplasty for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps. Am J Otolaryngol. 42(1):102825, 2021
Harrison TW et al: Onset of effect and impact on health-related quality of life, exacerbation rate, lung function, and nasal polyposis symptoms for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (ANDHI): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet Respir Med. 9(3):260-74, 2021
Laidlaw TM et al: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 9(3):1133-41, 2021
Chen S et al: Systematic literature review of humanistic and economic burdens of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Curr Med Res Opin. 36(11):1913-26, 2020
Hussien HA et al: Evaluation of serum total immunoglobulin E, interleukin-17 and pentraxin-3 as biomarkers for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 1945892420983787, 2020
Hall CA et al: Voice outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Laryngoscope. 129(2):299-302, 2019
Le PT et al: Systematic review and meta-analysis of SNOT-22 outcomes after surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 159(3):414-23, 2018
Gudziol V et al: Olfaction and sinonasal symptoms in patients with CRSwNP and AERD and without AERD: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 274(3):1487-93, 2017
Brescia G et al: A prospective investigation of predictive parameters for post-surgical recurrences in sinonasal polyposis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 273(3):655-60, 2016
White LC et al: Why sinonasal disease spares the inferior turbinate: An immunohistochemical analysis. Laryngoscope. 126(5):E179-83, 2015
Brescia G et al: Can a panel of clinical, laboratory, and pathological variables pinpoint patients with sinonasal polyposis at higher risk of recurrence after surgery? Am J Otolaryngol. 36(4):554-8, 2015
Malagutti N et al: Analysis of Il-10 gene sequence in patients with sinonasal polyposis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 28(3):434-9, 2015
Avelino MA et al: The human leukocyte antigen G molecule (HLA-G) expression in patients with nasal polyposis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 80(3):208-12, 2014
Rizzo R et al: Infection and HLA-G molecules in nasal polyposis. J Immunol Res. 2014:407430, 2014
Hawley KA et al: CT findings of sinonasal respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma: a closer look at the olfactory clefts. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34(5):1086-90, 2012
Siddiqui J et al: Sinonasal bony changes in nasal polyposis: prevalence and relationship to disease severity. J Laryngol Otol. 127(8):755-9, 2013
Blomqvist EH et al: A randomized prospective study comparing medical and medical-surgical treatment of nasal polyposis by CT. Acta Otolaryngol. 129(5):545-9, 2009
Pearlman AN et al: Relationships between severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis, asthma, and atopy. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 23(2):145-8, 2009
Bonfils P et al: Evaluation of combined medical and surgical treatment in nasal polyposis - III. Correlation between symptoms and CT scores before and after surgery for nasal polyposis. Acta Otolaryngol. 128(3):318-23, 2008
Can IH et al: The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 139(2):211-5, 2008
Corradini C et al: Hyperproliferation in nasal polyposis tissues is not associated with somatic genomic instability. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 37(4):510-4, 2008
Kahveci OK et al: The role of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in nasal polyp formation. Swiss Med Wkly. 138(45-46):684-8, 2008
Mladina R et al: Biofilm in nasal polyps. Rhinology. 46(4):302-7, 2008
Mortuaire G et al: Lund-Mackay score is predictive of bleeding in ethmoidectomy for nasal polyposis. Rhinology. 46(4):285-8, 2008
Konstantinidis I et al: Olfactory dysfunction in nasal polyposis: correlation with computed tomography findings. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 69(4):226-32, 2007
Gosepath J et al: Current concepts in therapy of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 67(3):125-36, 2005
Larsen PL et al: Origin of nasal polyps: an endoscopic autopsy study. Laryngoscope. 114(4):710-9, 2004
Bateman ND et al: Nasal polyps: still more questions than answers. J Laryngol Otol. 117(1):1-9, 2003
Batra PS et al: Outcome analysis of endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyps and asthma. Laryngoscope. 113(10):1703-6, 2003
Dalziel K et al: Systematic review of endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyps. Health Technol Assess. 7(17):iii, 1-159, 2003
Bachert C et al: Mediators in nasal polyposis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2(6):481-7, 2002
Blomqvist EH et al: A randomized controlled study evaluating medical treatment versus surgical treatment in addition to medical treatment of nasal polyposis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 107(2):224-8, 2001
Eggesbo HB et al: CT characterization of developmental variations of the paranasal sinuses in cystic fibrosis. Acta Radiol 42:482-93, 2001
Eggesbø HB et al: Hypoplasia of the sphenoid sinuses as a diagnostic tool in cystic fibrosis. Acta Radiol. 40(5):479-85, 1999
Liang EY et al: Another CT sign of sinonasal polyposis: truncation of the bony middle turbinate. Eur Radiol. 6(4):553-6, 1996
Drutman J et al: Sinonasal polyposis: investigation by direct coronal CT. Neuroradiology. 36(6):469-72, 1994
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.