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Ultrasound
Diagnosis
Liver
Diffuse Parenchymal Disease
Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (Venoocclusive Disease)
Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (Venoocclusive Disease)
Aya Kamaya, MD, FSRU, FSAR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS)

            • Synonyms

              • Venoocclusive disease (VOD)

            • Definitions

              • Injury of sinusoidal endothelial cells leading to sinusoidal obstruction and postsinusoidal portal hypertension

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Ultrasonographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                            • Presentation

                              • Demographics

                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                  • Treatment

                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                    • Consider

                                      • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                        Selected References

                                        1. Bonifazi F et al: Diagnosis and treatment of VOD/SOS after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol. 11:489, 2020
                                        2. de Lédinghen V et al: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 44(4):480-5, 2020
                                        3. Mahadeo KM et al: Diagnosis, grading, and treatment recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults with sinusoidal obstructive syndrome: an international expert position statement. Lancet Haematol. 7(1):e61-72, 2020
                                        4. Thumar VD et al: Spectral Doppler ultrasound can help diagnose children with hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ultrasound Q. 36(1):6-14, 2020
                                        5. Matsukuma KE et al: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic graft versus host disease (GVHD). J Gastrointest Oncol. 7(Suppl 1):S21-31, 2016
                                        6. Kambham N et al: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: graft versus host disease and pathology of gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lung. Adv Anat Pathol. 21(5):301-20, 2014
                                        7. Zhou H et al: Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by herbal medicine: CT and MRI features. Korean J Radiol. 15(2):218-25, 2014
                                        8. Mahgerefteh SY et al: Radiologic imaging and intervention for gastrointestinal and hepatic complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Radiology. 258(3):660-71, 2011
                                        9. Coppell JA et al: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease following stem cell transplantation: incidence, clinical course, and outcome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 16(2):157-68, 2010
                                        10. Rubbia-Brandt L: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Clin Liver Dis. 14(4):651-68, 2010
                                        11. Chung YE et al: Electronic clinical challenges and images in GI. Hepatic venoocclusive disease. Gastroenterology. 135(1):e3-4, 2008
                                        12. Erturk SM et al: CT features of hepatic venoocclusive disease and hepatic graft-versus-host disease in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(6):1497-501, 2006
                                        13. Lassau N et al: Prognostic value of doppler-ultrasonography in hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Transplantation. 74(1):60-6, 2002
                                        14. McCarville MB et al: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in children undergoing bone-marrow transplantation: usefulness of sonographic findings. Pediatr Radiol. 31(2):102-5, 2001
                                        15. van den Bosch MA et al: MR imaging findings in two patients with hepatic veno-occlusive disease following bone marrow transplantation. Eur Radiol. 10(8):1290-3, 2000
                                        16. Lassau N et al: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after myeloablative treatment and bone marrow transplantation: value of gray-scale and Doppler US in 100 patients. Radiology. 204(2):545-52, 1997
                                        17. McDonald GB et al: Veno-occlusive disease of the liver and multiorgan failure after bone marrow transplantation: a cohort study of 355 patients. Ann Intern Med. 118(4):255-67, 1993
                                        Related Anatomy
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                                        Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                        References
                                        Tables

                                        Tables

                                        KEY FACTS

                                        • Terminology

                                          • Imaging

                                            • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                              • Pathology

                                                • Clinical Issues

                                                  TERMINOLOGY

                                                  • Abbreviations

                                                    • Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS)

                                                  • Synonyms

                                                    • Venoocclusive disease (VOD)

                                                  • Definitions

                                                    • Injury of sinusoidal endothelial cells leading to sinusoidal obstruction and postsinusoidal portal hypertension

                                                  IMAGING

                                                  • General Features

                                                    • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Imaging Recommendations

                                                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                              PATHOLOGY

                                                              • General Features

                                                                • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                  • Presentation

                                                                    • Demographics

                                                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                        • Treatment

                                                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                          • Consider

                                                                            • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                              Selected References

                                                                              1. Bonifazi F et al: Diagnosis and treatment of VOD/SOS after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Front Immunol. 11:489, 2020
                                                                              2. de Lédinghen V et al: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 44(4):480-5, 2020
                                                                              3. Mahadeo KM et al: Diagnosis, grading, and treatment recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults with sinusoidal obstructive syndrome: an international expert position statement. Lancet Haematol. 7(1):e61-72, 2020
                                                                              4. Thumar VD et al: Spectral Doppler ultrasound can help diagnose children with hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Ultrasound Q. 36(1):6-14, 2020
                                                                              5. Matsukuma KE et al: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hepatic graft versus host disease (GVHD). J Gastrointest Oncol. 7(Suppl 1):S21-31, 2016
                                                                              6. Kambham N et al: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: graft versus host disease and pathology of gastrointestinal tract, liver, and lung. Adv Anat Pathol. 21(5):301-20, 2014
                                                                              7. Zhou H et al: Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome caused by herbal medicine: CT and MRI features. Korean J Radiol. 15(2):218-25, 2014
                                                                              8. Mahgerefteh SY et al: Radiologic imaging and intervention for gastrointestinal and hepatic complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Radiology. 258(3):660-71, 2011
                                                                              9. Coppell JA et al: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease following stem cell transplantation: incidence, clinical course, and outcome. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 16(2):157-68, 2010
                                                                              10. Rubbia-Brandt L: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Clin Liver Dis. 14(4):651-68, 2010
                                                                              11. Chung YE et al: Electronic clinical challenges and images in GI. Hepatic venoocclusive disease. Gastroenterology. 135(1):e3-4, 2008
                                                                              12. Erturk SM et al: CT features of hepatic venoocclusive disease and hepatic graft-versus-host disease in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 186(6):1497-501, 2006
                                                                              13. Lassau N et al: Prognostic value of doppler-ultrasonography in hepatic veno-occlusive disease. Transplantation. 74(1):60-6, 2002
                                                                              14. McCarville MB et al: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in children undergoing bone-marrow transplantation: usefulness of sonographic findings. Pediatr Radiol. 31(2):102-5, 2001
                                                                              15. van den Bosch MA et al: MR imaging findings in two patients with hepatic veno-occlusive disease following bone marrow transplantation. Eur Radiol. 10(8):1290-3, 2000
                                                                              16. Lassau N et al: Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after myeloablative treatment and bone marrow transplantation: value of gray-scale and Doppler US in 100 patients. Radiology. 204(2):545-52, 1997
                                                                              17. McDonald GB et al: Veno-occlusive disease of the liver and multiorgan failure after bone marrow transplantation: a cohort study of 355 patients. Ann Intern Med. 118(4):255-67, 1993