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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Skull base chondrosarcoma (CSa-SB)
Definitions
- CSa-SB: Chondroid malignancy of skull base
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Edem I et al: Advances in the management of primary bone sarcomas of the skull base. J Neurooncol. 150(3):393-403, 2020
- Kano H et al: Radiosurgery for chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Prog Neurol Surg. 34:207-14, 2019
- Purgina B et al: Distinctive head and neck bone and soft tissue neoplasms. Surg Pathol Clin. 10(1):223-79, 2017
- Awad M et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma. J Clin Neurosci. 24:1-5, 2016
- Van Gompel JJ et al: Chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48(3):501-14, 2015
- Bag AK et al: Neuroimaging: intrinsic lesions of the central skull base region. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 34(5):412-35, 2013
- Bloch O et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma: evidence-based treatment paradigms. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 24(1):89-96, 2013
- Gardner PA et al: Carotid artery injury during endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: incidence and outcomes. Neurosurgery. 73(2 Suppl Operative):ons261-9; discussion ons269-70, 2013
- Sbaihat A et al: Skull base chondrosarcomas: surgical treatment and results. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 122(12):763-70, 2013
- Amichetti M et al: A systematic review of proton therapy in the treatment of chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Neurosurg Rev. 33(2):155-65, 2010
- Bloch OG et al: Cranial chondrosarcoma and recurrence. Skull Base. 20(3):149-56, 2010
- Ares C et al: Effectiveness and safety of spot scanning proton radiation therapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base: first long-term report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 75(4):1111-8, 2009
- Borges A: Imaging of the central skull base. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 19(4):669-96, 2009
- Gallia GL et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma presenting with hemorrhage. Can J Neurol Sci. 36(6):774-5, 2009
- Güneş M et al: Intracranial chondrosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 52(5-6):238-41, 2009
- Hong P et al: Chondrosarcoma of the head and neck: report of 11 cases and literature review. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 38(2):279-85, 2009
- Samii A et al: Surgical treatment of skull base chondrosarcomas. Neurosurg Rev. 32(1):67-75; discussion 75, 2009
- Abdelmalek M et al: Recurrent chondrosarcoma of the right skull base in a patient with Maffucci syndrome. Am J Clin Dermatol. 9(1):61-5, 2008
- Cho YH et al: Chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base: comparative analysis of clinical results in 30 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 31(1):35-43; discussion 43, 2008
- Ferrer Pérez AI et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma: a case treated by the CyberKnife system. Clin Transl Oncol. 10(10):670-2, 2008
- Gelderblom H et al: The clinical approach towards chondrosarcoma. Oncologist. 2008 Mar;13(3):320-9. Review. Erratum in: Oncologist. 13(5):618, 2008
- Nguyen QN et al: Emerging role of proton beam radiation therapy for chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Curr Oncol Rep. 10(4):338-43, 2008
- Sanna M et al: Chondrosarcomas of the jugular foramen. Laryngoscope. 118(10):1719-28, 2008
- Seizeur R et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base in Maffucci's syndrome. Br J Neurosurg. 22(6):778-80, 2008
- Zhang Q et al: Endoscopic endonasal surgery for clival chordoma and chondrosarcoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 70(2):124-9, 2008
- Almefty K et al: Chordoma and chondrosarcoma: similar, but quite different, skull base tumors. Cancer. 110(11):2457-67, 2007
- Dini LI et al: Maffucci's syndrome complicated by intracranial chondrosarcoma: two new illustrative cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 65(3B):816-21, 2007
- Lustig LR et al: Chondrosarcomas of the skull base and temporal bone. J Laryngol Otol. 121(8):725-35, 2007
- Schulz-Ertner D et al: Carbon ion radiotherapy of skull base chondrosarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 67(1):171-7, 2007
- Baehring JM et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base. J Neurooncol. 76(1):49, 2006
- Brackmann DE et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base: long-term follow-up. Otol Neurotol. 27(7):981-91, 2006
- Frank G et al: The endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach for the treatment of cranial base chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Neurosurgery. 59(1 Suppl 1):ONS50-7; discussion ONS50-7, 2006
- Harada K et al: Chondrosarcoma of the clivus presenting with intratumoral hemorrhage: case report. J Neurooncol. 77(2):221-3, 2006
- Tzortzidis F et al: Patient outcome at long-term follow-up after aggressive microsurgical resection of cranial base chondrosarcomas. Neurosurgery. 58(6):1090-8; discussion 1090-8, 2006
- Krishnan S et al: Radiosurgery for cranial base chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Neurosurgery. 56(4):777-84; discussion 777-84, 2005
- Oghalai JS et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma originating from the petroclival junction. Otol Neurotol. 26(5):1052-60, 2005
- Noël G et al: Chondrosarcomas of the base of the skull in Ollier's disease or Maffucci's syndrome--three case reports and review of the literature. Acta Oncol. 43(8):705-10, 2004
- Raghu M et al: Chondrosarcomas of the temporal bone: presentation and management. J Laryngol Otol. 118(7):551-5, 2004
- Neff B et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Laryngoscope. 112(1):134-9, 2002
- Schmidinger A et al: Natural history of chondroid skull base lesions--case report and review. Neuroradiology. 44(3):268-71, 2002
- Crockard HA et al: A multidisciplinary team approach to skull base chondrosarcomas. J Neurosurg. 95(2):184-9, 2001
- Richardson MS: Pathology of skull base tumors. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 34(6):1025-42, vii, 2001
- Hug EB et al: Proton radiation therapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base. J Neurosurg. 91(3):432-9, 1999
- Rosenberg AE et al: Chondrosarcoma of the base of the skull: a clinicopathologic study of 200 cases with emphasis on its distinction from chordoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 23(11):1370-8, 1999
- Korten AG et al: Intracranial chondrosarcoma: review of the literature and report of 15 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 65(1):88-92, 1998
- Keel SB et al: Chondromyxoid fibroma of the skull base: a tumor which may be confused with chordoma and chondrosarcoma. A report of three cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol. 21(5):577-82, 1997
- Ramina R et al: Maffucci's syndrome associated with a cranial base chondrosarcoma: case report and literature review. Neurosurgery. 41(1):269-72, 1997
- Rapidis AD et al: Chondrosarcomas of the skull base: review of the literature and report of two cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 25(6):322-7, 1997
- Geirnaerdt MJ et al: Calcified meningioma of the skull base simulating chondrosarcoma. Eur J Radiol. 21(2):148-51, 1995
- Weber AL et al: Cartilaginous tumors and chordomas of the cranial base. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 28(3):453-71, 1995
- Brown E et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 4(3):529-41, 1994
- Stapleton SR et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base: a series of eight cases. Neurosurgery. 32(3):348-55; discussion 355-6, 1993
- Meyers SP et al: Chondrosarcomas of the skull base: MR imaging features. Radiology. 184(1):103-8, 1992
- Kveton JF et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 94(1):23-32, 1986
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Skull base chondrosarcoma (CSa-SB)
Definitions
- CSa-SB: Chondroid malignancy of skull base
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Edem I et al: Advances in the management of primary bone sarcomas of the skull base. J Neurooncol. 150(3):393-403, 2020
- Kano H et al: Radiosurgery for chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Prog Neurol Surg. 34:207-14, 2019
- Purgina B et al: Distinctive head and neck bone and soft tissue neoplasms. Surg Pathol Clin. 10(1):223-79, 2017
- Awad M et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma. J Clin Neurosci. 24:1-5, 2016
- Van Gompel JJ et al: Chordoma and chondrosarcoma. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48(3):501-14, 2015
- Bag AK et al: Neuroimaging: intrinsic lesions of the central skull base region. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 34(5):412-35, 2013
- Bloch O et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma: evidence-based treatment paradigms. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 24(1):89-96, 2013
- Gardner PA et al: Carotid artery injury during endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery: incidence and outcomes. Neurosurgery. 73(2 Suppl Operative):ons261-9; discussion ons269-70, 2013
- Sbaihat A et al: Skull base chondrosarcomas: surgical treatment and results. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 122(12):763-70, 2013
- Amichetti M et al: A systematic review of proton therapy in the treatment of chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Neurosurg Rev. 33(2):155-65, 2010
- Bloch OG et al: Cranial chondrosarcoma and recurrence. Skull Base. 20(3):149-56, 2010
- Ares C et al: Effectiveness and safety of spot scanning proton radiation therapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base: first long-term report. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 75(4):1111-8, 2009
- Borges A: Imaging of the central skull base. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 19(4):669-96, 2009
- Gallia GL et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma presenting with hemorrhage. Can J Neurol Sci. 36(6):774-5, 2009
- Güneş M et al: Intracranial chondrosarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 52(5-6):238-41, 2009
- Hong P et al: Chondrosarcoma of the head and neck: report of 11 cases and literature review. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 38(2):279-85, 2009
- Samii A et al: Surgical treatment of skull base chondrosarcomas. Neurosurg Rev. 32(1):67-75; discussion 75, 2009
- Abdelmalek M et al: Recurrent chondrosarcoma of the right skull base in a patient with Maffucci syndrome. Am J Clin Dermatol. 9(1):61-5, 2008
- Cho YH et al: Chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base: comparative analysis of clinical results in 30 patients. Neurosurg Rev. 31(1):35-43; discussion 43, 2008
- Ferrer Pérez AI et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma: a case treated by the CyberKnife system. Clin Transl Oncol. 10(10):670-2, 2008
- Gelderblom H et al: The clinical approach towards chondrosarcoma. Oncologist. 2008 Mar;13(3):320-9. Review. Erratum in: Oncologist. 13(5):618, 2008
- Nguyen QN et al: Emerging role of proton beam radiation therapy for chordoma and chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Curr Oncol Rep. 10(4):338-43, 2008
- Sanna M et al: Chondrosarcomas of the jugular foramen. Laryngoscope. 118(10):1719-28, 2008
- Seizeur R et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base in Maffucci's syndrome. Br J Neurosurg. 22(6):778-80, 2008
- Zhang Q et al: Endoscopic endonasal surgery for clival chordoma and chondrosarcoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 70(2):124-9, 2008
- Almefty K et al: Chordoma and chondrosarcoma: similar, but quite different, skull base tumors. Cancer. 110(11):2457-67, 2007
- Dini LI et al: Maffucci's syndrome complicated by intracranial chondrosarcoma: two new illustrative cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 65(3B):816-21, 2007
- Lustig LR et al: Chondrosarcomas of the skull base and temporal bone. J Laryngol Otol. 121(8):725-35, 2007
- Schulz-Ertner D et al: Carbon ion radiotherapy of skull base chondrosarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 67(1):171-7, 2007
- Baehring JM et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base. J Neurooncol. 76(1):49, 2006
- Brackmann DE et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base: long-term follow-up. Otol Neurotol. 27(7):981-91, 2006
- Frank G et al: The endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach for the treatment of cranial base chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Neurosurgery. 59(1 Suppl 1):ONS50-7; discussion ONS50-7, 2006
- Harada K et al: Chondrosarcoma of the clivus presenting with intratumoral hemorrhage: case report. J Neurooncol. 77(2):221-3, 2006
- Tzortzidis F et al: Patient outcome at long-term follow-up after aggressive microsurgical resection of cranial base chondrosarcomas. Neurosurgery. 58(6):1090-8; discussion 1090-8, 2006
- Krishnan S et al: Radiosurgery for cranial base chordomas and chondrosarcomas. Neurosurgery. 56(4):777-84; discussion 777-84, 2005
- Oghalai JS et al: Skull base chondrosarcoma originating from the petroclival junction. Otol Neurotol. 26(5):1052-60, 2005
- Noël G et al: Chondrosarcomas of the base of the skull in Ollier's disease or Maffucci's syndrome--three case reports and review of the literature. Acta Oncol. 43(8):705-10, 2004
- Raghu M et al: Chondrosarcomas of the temporal bone: presentation and management. J Laryngol Otol. 118(7):551-5, 2004
- Neff B et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Laryngoscope. 112(1):134-9, 2002
- Schmidinger A et al: Natural history of chondroid skull base lesions--case report and review. Neuroradiology. 44(3):268-71, 2002
- Crockard HA et al: A multidisciplinary team approach to skull base chondrosarcomas. J Neurosurg. 95(2):184-9, 2001
- Richardson MS: Pathology of skull base tumors. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 34(6):1025-42, vii, 2001
- Hug EB et al: Proton radiation therapy for chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base. J Neurosurg. 91(3):432-9, 1999
- Rosenberg AE et al: Chondrosarcoma of the base of the skull: a clinicopathologic study of 200 cases with emphasis on its distinction from chordoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 23(11):1370-8, 1999
- Korten AG et al: Intracranial chondrosarcoma: review of the literature and report of 15 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 65(1):88-92, 1998
- Keel SB et al: Chondromyxoid fibroma of the skull base: a tumor which may be confused with chordoma and chondrosarcoma. A report of three cases and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol. 21(5):577-82, 1997
- Ramina R et al: Maffucci's syndrome associated with a cranial base chondrosarcoma: case report and literature review. Neurosurgery. 41(1):269-72, 1997
- Rapidis AD et al: Chondrosarcomas of the skull base: review of the literature and report of two cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 25(6):322-7, 1997
- Geirnaerdt MJ et al: Calcified meningioma of the skull base simulating chondrosarcoma. Eur J Radiol. 21(2):148-51, 1995
- Weber AL et al: Cartilaginous tumors and chordomas of the cranial base. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 28(3):453-71, 1995
- Brown E et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 4(3):529-41, 1994
- Stapleton SR et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base: a series of eight cases. Neurosurgery. 32(3):348-55; discussion 355-6, 1993
- Meyers SP et al: Chondrosarcomas of the skull base: MR imaging features. Radiology. 184(1):103-8, 1992
- Kveton JF et al: Chondrosarcoma of the skull base. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 94(1):23-32, 1986
