LCH: Spectrum of disorders caused by neoplastic clonal proliferations of CD1a, CD207, S100 (+) dendritic cells
Single system (SS) (unifocal or multifocal) vs. multisystem (MS) disease
Bone & skin most frequently involved
Worse prognosis: Organs at high risk are liver, spleen, marrow
Other organs: Lymph nodes, pituitary, thymus, gastrointestinal tract, CNS
H&N: Skull base, temporal bone, craniofacial
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Chugh A et al: Unisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in maxillofacial region in pediatrics: comprehensive and systematic review. Oral Maxillofac Surg. ePub, 2021
Gargan ML et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children under 12 months of age: the spectrum of imaging and clinical findings: experience in an Irish tertiary referral centre. Eur J Radiol. 134:109375, 2021
Iaremenko O et al: Clinical presentation, imaging and response to interferon-alpha therapy in Erdheim-Chester disease: case-based review. Rheumatol Int. 40(9):1529-36, 2020
Rajakulasingam R et al: Skeletal staging in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a multimodality imaging review. Skeletal Radiol. 50(6):1081-93, 2020
Chevallier KM et al: Differentiating pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone by imaging appearance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(6):1185-9, 2016
Egeler RM et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a neoplasm and consequently its recurrence is a relapse: In memory of Bob Arceci. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 63(10):1704-12, 2016
Modest MC et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone: a review of 29 cases at a single center. Laryngoscope. 126(8):1899-904, 2016
Collin M et al: Cell(s) of origin of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 29(5):825-38, 2015
Demellawy DE et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a comprehensive review. Pathology. 47(4):294-301, 2015
Rollins BJ: Genomic alterations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 29(5):839-51, 2015
Chung EM et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Pediatric orbit tumors and tumorlike lesions: osseous lesions of the orbit. Radiographics. 28(4):1193-214, 2008
Prosch H et al: Long-term MR imaging course of neurodegenerative Langerhans cell histiocytosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(6):1022-8, 2007
Krishna H et al: Solitary Langerhans-cell histiocytosis of the clivus and sphenoid sinus with parasellar and petrous extensions: case report and a review of literature. Surg Neurol. 62(5):447-54, 2004
Prayer D et al: MR imaging presentation of intracranial disease associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(5):880-91, 2004
Cochrane LA et al: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in the paediatric population: presentation and treatment of head and neck manifestations. J Otolaryngol. 32(1):33-7, 2003
Hurwitz CA et al: Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-2002. A 15-year-old boy with a retro-orbital mass and impaired vision. N Engl J Med. 346(7):513-20, 2002
Yetiser S et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the bilateral temporal bone. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 62(2):169-73, 2002
Koch BL: Langerhans histiocytosis of temporal bone: role of magnetic resonance imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 11(1):66-74, 2000
al-Ammar AY et al: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: paediatric head and neck study. J Otolaryngol. 28(5):266-72, 1999
Nanduri VR et al: Labyrinthine involvement in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 46(1-2):109-15, 1998
Angeli SI et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone: case report. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 114(1):120-4, 1996
Bonafe A et al: Histiocytosis X of the petrous bone in the adult: MRI. Neuroradiology. 36(4):330-3, 1994
Hermans R et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the head and neck: CT and MRI features in three cases. Pediatr Radiol. 24(1):33-6, 1994
Cataltepe O et al: Unusual location of histiocytosis X. Presenting as a petrous apex syndrome. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 11(1):31-4, 1991
Hadjigeorgi C et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone: radiological approach in the pediatric patient. Pediatr Radiol. 20(7):546-9, 1990
DiNardo LJ et al: Head and neck manifestations of histiocytosis-X in children. Laryngoscope. 99(7 Pt 1):721-4, 1989
Cunningham MJ et al: Histiocytosis X of the temporal bone: CT findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 12(1):70-4, 1988
LCH: Spectrum of disorders caused by neoplastic clonal proliferations of CD1a, CD207, S100 (+) dendritic cells
Single system (SS) (unifocal or multifocal) vs. multisystem (MS) disease
Bone & skin most frequently involved
Worse prognosis: Organs at high risk are liver, spleen, marrow
Other organs: Lymph nodes, pituitary, thymus, gastrointestinal tract, CNS
H&N: Skull base, temporal bone, craniofacial
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Chugh A et al: Unisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in maxillofacial region in pediatrics: comprehensive and systematic review. Oral Maxillofac Surg. ePub, 2021
Gargan ML et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children under 12 months of age: the spectrum of imaging and clinical findings: experience in an Irish tertiary referral centre. Eur J Radiol. 134:109375, 2021
Iaremenko O et al: Clinical presentation, imaging and response to interferon-alpha therapy in Erdheim-Chester disease: case-based review. Rheumatol Int. 40(9):1529-36, 2020
Rajakulasingam R et al: Skeletal staging in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a multimodality imaging review. Skeletal Radiol. 50(6):1081-93, 2020
Chevallier KM et al: Differentiating pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone by imaging appearance. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 37(6):1185-9, 2016
Egeler RM et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a neoplasm and consequently its recurrence is a relapse: In memory of Bob Arceci. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 63(10):1704-12, 2016
Modest MC et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone: a review of 29 cases at a single center. Laryngoscope. 126(8):1899-904, 2016
Collin M et al: Cell(s) of origin of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 29(5):825-38, 2015
Demellawy DE et al: Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a comprehensive review. Pathology. 47(4):294-301, 2015
Rollins BJ: Genomic alterations in Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 29(5):839-51, 2015
Chung EM et al: From the archives of the AFIP. Pediatric orbit tumors and tumorlike lesions: osseous lesions of the orbit. Radiographics. 28(4):1193-214, 2008
Prosch H et al: Long-term MR imaging course of neurodegenerative Langerhans cell histiocytosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 28(6):1022-8, 2007
Krishna H et al: Solitary Langerhans-cell histiocytosis of the clivus and sphenoid sinus with parasellar and petrous extensions: case report and a review of literature. Surg Neurol. 62(5):447-54, 2004
Prayer D et al: MR imaging presentation of intracranial disease associated with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(5):880-91, 2004
Cochrane LA et al: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in the paediatric population: presentation and treatment of head and neck manifestations. J Otolaryngol. 32(1):33-7, 2003
Hurwitz CA et al: Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-2002. A 15-year-old boy with a retro-orbital mass and impaired vision. N Engl J Med. 346(7):513-20, 2002
Yetiser S et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the bilateral temporal bone. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 62(2):169-73, 2002
Koch BL: Langerhans histiocytosis of temporal bone: role of magnetic resonance imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 11(1):66-74, 2000
al-Ammar AY et al: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis: paediatric head and neck study. J Otolaryngol. 28(5):266-72, 1999
Nanduri VR et al: Labyrinthine involvement in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 46(1-2):109-15, 1998
Angeli SI et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis of the temporal bone: case report. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 114(1):120-4, 1996
Bonafe A et al: Histiocytosis X of the petrous bone in the adult: MRI. Neuroradiology. 36(4):330-3, 1994
Hermans R et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the head and neck: CT and MRI features in three cases. Pediatr Radiol. 24(1):33-6, 1994
Cataltepe O et al: Unusual location of histiocytosis X. Presenting as a petrous apex syndrome. J Clin Neuroophthalmol. 11(1):31-4, 1991
Hadjigeorgi C et al: Eosinophilic granuloma of the temporal bone: radiological approach in the pediatric patient. Pediatr Radiol. 20(7):546-9, 1990
DiNardo LJ et al: Head and neck manifestations of histiocytosis-X in children. Laryngoscope. 99(7 Pt 1):721-4, 1989
Cunningham MJ et al: Histiocytosis X of the temporal bone: CT findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 12(1):70-4, 1988
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