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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Aspiration-related disorders: Pulmonary diseases resulting from aspiration of solid &/or liquid materials into airways and lungs
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Pulmonary infection caused by aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions colonized by pathogenic bacteria
- Usually manifests as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- Aspiration pneumonitis (Mendelson syndrome)
- Acute lung injury caused by aspiration of sterile gastric contents
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Specific aspiration syndromes
- Foreign bodies: Most common endobronchial lesion in children; food particles (vegetables) and tooth fragments (elderly)
- Most commonly lodge in mainstem and lobar bronchi
- Aspiration of barium sulfate: Mild reaction in early phase due to inert character of barium
- Radiopaque material within airways ("tree-in-bud")
- Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: Repeated aspiration or inhalation of mineral oil or oily nose drops in adults and cod liver oil and milk in children
- Near drowning: Pulmonary edema after acute aspiration of massive amounts of fresh or salt water
- Combination of aspiration and noncardiogenic edema
- Secondary pneumonia may occur depending on composition of aspirate
- Hydrocarbon pneumonia: Accidental, intentional, or occupational aspiration of various toxic substances
- Children: Furniture polish
- Hydrocarbon containing fluid: Petroleum-based fluids
- Flame swallowers (known as fire-eater pneumonia)
- Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis: Recurrent aspiration; typically elderly patients with neurologic disorders, dementia, or oropharyngeal dysphagia
- Disseminated tree-in-bud opacities with patchy lobular consolidations
- Lentil pneumonia: Subset of diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis; granulomatous pneumonitis caused by aspiration of leguminous material (e.g., lentils, beans, peas)
- Foreign bodies: Most common endobronchial lesion in children; food particles (vegetables) and tooth fragments (elderly)
- Aspiration-related disorders: Pulmonary diseases resulting from aspiration of solid &/or liquid materials into airways and lungs
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- DiBardino DM et al: Aspiration pneumonia: a review of modern trends. J Crit Care. 30(1):40-8, 2015
- Marik PE: Pulmonary aspiration syndromes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 17(3):148-54, 2011
- Marchiori E et al: Lipoid pneumonia in 53 patients after aspiration of mineral oil: comparison of high-resolution computed tomography findings in adults and children. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 34(1):9-12, 2010
- Rossi SE et al: "Crazy-paving" pattern at thin-section CT of the lungs: radiologic-pathologic overview. Radiographics 23: 1509-19, 2003
- Franquet T et al: Aspiration diseases: Findings, pitfalls, and differential diagnosis. Radiographics 20:673-85, 2000
- Kim KI et al: Near drowning: thin-section CT findings in six patients. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 24(4):562-6, 2000
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Aspiration-related disorders: Pulmonary diseases resulting from aspiration of solid &/or liquid materials into airways and lungs
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Pulmonary infection caused by aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions colonized by pathogenic bacteria
- Usually manifests as community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- Aspiration pneumonitis (Mendelson syndrome)
- Acute lung injury caused by aspiration of sterile gastric contents
- Aspiration pneumonia
- Specific aspiration syndromes
- Foreign bodies: Most common endobronchial lesion in children; food particles (vegetables) and tooth fragments (elderly)
- Most commonly lodge in mainstem and lobar bronchi
- Aspiration of barium sulfate: Mild reaction in early phase due to inert character of barium
- Radiopaque material within airways ("tree-in-bud")
- Exogenous lipoid pneumonia: Repeated aspiration or inhalation of mineral oil or oily nose drops in adults and cod liver oil and milk in children
- Near drowning: Pulmonary edema after acute aspiration of massive amounts of fresh or salt water
- Combination of aspiration and noncardiogenic edema
- Secondary pneumonia may occur depending on composition of aspirate
- Hydrocarbon pneumonia: Accidental, intentional, or occupational aspiration of various toxic substances
- Children: Furniture polish
- Hydrocarbon containing fluid: Petroleum-based fluids
- Flame swallowers (known as fire-eater pneumonia)
- Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis: Recurrent aspiration; typically elderly patients with neurologic disorders, dementia, or oropharyngeal dysphagia
- Disseminated tree-in-bud opacities with patchy lobular consolidations
- Lentil pneumonia: Subset of diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis; granulomatous pneumonitis caused by aspiration of leguminous material (e.g., lentils, beans, peas)
- Foreign bodies: Most common endobronchial lesion in children; food particles (vegetables) and tooth fragments (elderly)
- Aspiration-related disorders: Pulmonary diseases resulting from aspiration of solid &/or liquid materials into airways and lungs
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- DiBardino DM et al: Aspiration pneumonia: a review of modern trends. J Crit Care. 30(1):40-8, 2015
- Marik PE: Pulmonary aspiration syndromes. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 17(3):148-54, 2011
- Marchiori E et al: Lipoid pneumonia in 53 patients after aspiration of mineral oil: comparison of high-resolution computed tomography findings in adults and children. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 34(1):9-12, 2010
- Rossi SE et al: "Crazy-paving" pattern at thin-section CT of the lungs: radiologic-pathologic overview. Radiographics 23: 1509-19, 2003
- Franquet T et al: Aspiration diseases: Findings, pitfalls, and differential diagnosis. Radiographics 20:673-85, 2000
- Kim KI et al: Near drowning: thin-section CT findings in six patients. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 24(4):562-6, 2000
