Infection of spinal cord leptomeninges and subarachnoid space
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Donovan J et al: The neurocritical care of tuberculous meningitis. Lancet Neurol. 18(8):771-83, 2019
GBD 2016 Meningitis collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 17(12):1061-82, 2018
Bottomley MJ et al: Future challenges in the elimination of bacterial meningitis. Vaccine. 30 Suppl 2:B78-86, 2012
Cunha BA: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactic acid levels: a rapid and reliable way to differentiate viral from bacterial meningitis or concurrent viral/bacterial meningitis. J Clin Microbiol. 50(1):211, 2012
Edmond K et al: Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 10(5):317-28, 2010
Hamed SA et al: Oxidative stress and S-100B protein in children with bacterial meningitis. BMC Neurol. 9:51, 2009
Ray B et al: QUESTION 1. Normal CSF: does it exclude meningitis? Arch Dis Child. 94(12):988-91, 2009
Huynh W et al: Meningococcal meningitis and a negative cerebrospinal fluid: case report and its medicolegal implications. Emerg Med Australas. 19(6):553-5, 2007
Hunter JV et al: Neuroimaging of central nervous system infections. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 14(2):140-64, 2003
O'Farrell R et al: Spinal cord infarction and tetraplegia--rare complications of meningococcal meningitis. Br J Anaesth. 84(4):514-7, 2000
Kaplan SL: Clinical presentations, diagnosis, and prognostic factors of bacterial meningitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 13(3):579-94, vi-vii, 1999
Meltzer CC et al: MR imaging of the meninges. Part I. Normal anatomic features and nonneoplastic disease. Radiology. 201(2):297-308, 1996
Post MJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal infection. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 17(3):773-94, 1991
Chang KH et al: Tuberculous arachnoiditis of the spine: findings on myelography, CT, and MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 10(6):1255-62, 1989
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Infectious arachnoiditis
Definitions
Infection of spinal cord leptomeninges and subarachnoid space
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Donovan J et al: The neurocritical care of tuberculous meningitis. Lancet Neurol. 18(8):771-83, 2019
GBD 2016 Meningitis collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 17(12):1061-82, 2018
Bottomley MJ et al: Future challenges in the elimination of bacterial meningitis. Vaccine. 30 Suppl 2:B78-86, 2012
Cunha BA: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactic acid levels: a rapid and reliable way to differentiate viral from bacterial meningitis or concurrent viral/bacterial meningitis. J Clin Microbiol. 50(1):211, 2012
Edmond K et al: Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 10(5):317-28, 2010
Hamed SA et al: Oxidative stress and S-100B protein in children with bacterial meningitis. BMC Neurol. 9:51, 2009
Ray B et al: QUESTION 1. Normal CSF: does it exclude meningitis? Arch Dis Child. 94(12):988-91, 2009
Huynh W et al: Meningococcal meningitis and a negative cerebrospinal fluid: case report and its medicolegal implications. Emerg Med Australas. 19(6):553-5, 2007
Hunter JV et al: Neuroimaging of central nervous system infections. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis. 14(2):140-64, 2003
O'Farrell R et al: Spinal cord infarction and tetraplegia--rare complications of meningococcal meningitis. Br J Anaesth. 84(4):514-7, 2000
Kaplan SL: Clinical presentations, diagnosis, and prognostic factors of bacterial meningitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 13(3):579-94, vi-vii, 1999
Meltzer CC et al: MR imaging of the meninges. Part I. Normal anatomic features and nonneoplastic disease. Radiology. 201(2):297-308, 1996
Post MJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of spinal infection. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 17(3):773-94, 1991
Chang KH et al: Tuberculous arachnoiditis of the spine: findings on myelography, CT, and MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 10(6):1255-62, 1989
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