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Gastrointestinal
Diagnosis
Spleen
Vascular Disorders
Splenic Infarction
Splenic Infarction
Siva P. Raman, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Definitions

            • Global or segmental parenchymal splenic ischemia and necrosis caused by vascular occlusion

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Radiographic Findings

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Ultrasonographic Findings

                    • Angiographic Findings

                      • Imaging Recommendations

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                              • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                • Microscopic Features

                                  CLINICAL ISSUES

                                  • Presentation

                                    • Demographics

                                      • Natural History & Prognosis

                                        • Treatment

                                          DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                          • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                            Selected References

                                            1. Cetinoglu YK et al: Torsion of wandering spleen: importance of splenic density and liver-to- spleen attenuation ratio on CT. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 16(1):88-93, 2020
                                            2. Parada Blázquez MJ et al: Torsion of wandering spleen: radiological findings. Emerg Radiol. 27(5):555-60, 2020
                                            3. Weber E et al: Acute renal and splenic infarctions: a review. QJM. 113(3):186-93, 2020
                                            4. Gaetke-Udager K et al: Multimodality imaging of splenic lesions and the role of non-vascular, image-guided intervention. Abdom Imaging. 39(3):570-87, 2014
                                            5. Llewellyn ME et al: The sonographic "bright band sign" of splenic infarction. J Ultrasound Med. 33(6):929-38, 2014
                                            6. Lawrence YR et al: Splenic infarction: an update on William Osler's observations. Isr Med Assoc J. 12(6):362-5, 2010
                                            7. Gorg C et al: Chronic recurring infarction of the spleen: sonographic patterns and complications. Ultraschall Med. 24(4):245-9, 2003
                                            8. Romero JR et al: Wandering spleen: a rare cause of abdominal pain. Pediatr Emerg Care. 19(6):412-4, 2003
                                            9. Sodhi KS et al: Torsion of a wandering spleen: acute abdominal presentation. J Emerg Med. 25(2):133-7, 2003
                                            10. Wilkinson NW et al: Splenic infarction following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: management strategies. JSLS. 7(4):359-65, 2003
                                            11. Hatipoglu AR et al: A rare cause of acute abdomen: splenic infarction. Hepatogastroenterology. 48(41):1333-6, 2001
                                            12. Andrews MW: Ultrasound of the spleen. World J Surg. 24(2):183-7, 2000
                                            13. Barzilai M et al: Noninfectious gas accumulation in an infarcted spleen. Dig Surg. 17(4):402-4, 2000
                                            14. Toth PP et al: Spontaneous splenic infarction secondary to diabetes-induced microvascular disease. Arch Fam Med. 9(2):195-7, 2000
                                            15. Nores M et al: The clinical spectrum of splenic infarction. Am Surg. 64:182-8, 1998
                                            16. Nores M et al: The clinical spectrum of splenic infarction. Am Surg. 64(2):182-8, 1998
                                            17. Argiris A: Splenic and renal infarctions complicating atrial fibrillation. Mt Sinai J Med. 64(4-5):342-9, 1997
                                            18. Rypens F et al: Splenic parenchymal complications of pancreatitis: CT findings and natural history. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21(1):89-93, 1997
                                            19. Beeson MS: Splenic infarct presenting as acute abdominal pain in an older patient. J Emerg Med. 14(3):319-22, 1996
                                            20. Frippiat F et al: Splenic infarction: report of three cases of atherosclerotic embolization originating in the aorta and retrospective study of 64 cases. Acta Clin Belg. 51(6):395-402, 1996
                                            21. Collie DA et al: Case report: computed tomography features of complete splenic infarction, cavitation and spontaneous decompression complicating pancreatitis. Br J Radiol. 68(810):662-4, 1995
                                            22. Chin JK et al: Liver/spleen scintigraphy for diagnosis of splenic infarction in cirrhotic patients. Postgrad Med J. 69(815):715-7, 1993
                                            23. Valentine RJ et al: Splenic infarction after splenorenal arterial bypass. J Vasc Surg. 17(3):602-6, 1993
                                            24. Orringer EP et al: Case report: splenic infarction and acute splenic sequestration in adults with hemoglobin SC disease. Am J Med Sci. 302(6):374-9, 1991
                                            25. Goerg C et al: Splenic infarction: sonographic patterns, diagnosis, follow-up, and complications. Radiology. 174(3 Pt 1):803-7, 1990
                                            26. Ting W et al: Splenic septic emboli in endocarditis. Circulation. 82(5 Suppl):IV105-9, 1990
                                            Related Anatomy
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                                            Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                            References
                                            Tables

                                            Tables

                                            KEY FACTS

                                            • Terminology

                                              • Imaging

                                                • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Global or segmental parenchymal splenic ischemia and necrosis caused by vascular occlusion

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Radiographic Findings

                                                        • CT Findings

                                                          • MR Findings

                                                            • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                              • Angiographic Findings

                                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                                    • General Features

                                                                      • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                        • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                          • Microscopic Features

                                                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                            • Presentation

                                                                              • Demographics

                                                                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                    • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                      Selected References

                                                                                      1. Cetinoglu YK et al: Torsion of wandering spleen: importance of splenic density and liver-to- spleen attenuation ratio on CT. Curr Med Imaging Rev. 16(1):88-93, 2020
                                                                                      2. Parada Blázquez MJ et al: Torsion of wandering spleen: radiological findings. Emerg Radiol. 27(5):555-60, 2020
                                                                                      3. Weber E et al: Acute renal and splenic infarctions: a review. QJM. 113(3):186-93, 2020
                                                                                      4. Gaetke-Udager K et al: Multimodality imaging of splenic lesions and the role of non-vascular, image-guided intervention. Abdom Imaging. 39(3):570-87, 2014
                                                                                      5. Llewellyn ME et al: The sonographic "bright band sign" of splenic infarction. J Ultrasound Med. 33(6):929-38, 2014
                                                                                      6. Lawrence YR et al: Splenic infarction: an update on William Osler's observations. Isr Med Assoc J. 12(6):362-5, 2010
                                                                                      7. Gorg C et al: Chronic recurring infarction of the spleen: sonographic patterns and complications. Ultraschall Med. 24(4):245-9, 2003
                                                                                      8. Romero JR et al: Wandering spleen: a rare cause of abdominal pain. Pediatr Emerg Care. 19(6):412-4, 2003
                                                                                      9. Sodhi KS et al: Torsion of a wandering spleen: acute abdominal presentation. J Emerg Med. 25(2):133-7, 2003
                                                                                      10. Wilkinson NW et al: Splenic infarction following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication: management strategies. JSLS. 7(4):359-65, 2003
                                                                                      11. Hatipoglu AR et al: A rare cause of acute abdomen: splenic infarction. Hepatogastroenterology. 48(41):1333-6, 2001
                                                                                      12. Andrews MW: Ultrasound of the spleen. World J Surg. 24(2):183-7, 2000
                                                                                      13. Barzilai M et al: Noninfectious gas accumulation in an infarcted spleen. Dig Surg. 17(4):402-4, 2000
                                                                                      14. Toth PP et al: Spontaneous splenic infarction secondary to diabetes-induced microvascular disease. Arch Fam Med. 9(2):195-7, 2000
                                                                                      15. Nores M et al: The clinical spectrum of splenic infarction. Am Surg. 64:182-8, 1998
                                                                                      16. Nores M et al: The clinical spectrum of splenic infarction. Am Surg. 64(2):182-8, 1998
                                                                                      17. Argiris A: Splenic and renal infarctions complicating atrial fibrillation. Mt Sinai J Med. 64(4-5):342-9, 1997
                                                                                      18. Rypens F et al: Splenic parenchymal complications of pancreatitis: CT findings and natural history. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 21(1):89-93, 1997
                                                                                      19. Beeson MS: Splenic infarct presenting as acute abdominal pain in an older patient. J Emerg Med. 14(3):319-22, 1996
                                                                                      20. Frippiat F et al: Splenic infarction: report of three cases of atherosclerotic embolization originating in the aorta and retrospective study of 64 cases. Acta Clin Belg. 51(6):395-402, 1996
                                                                                      21. Collie DA et al: Case report: computed tomography features of complete splenic infarction, cavitation and spontaneous decompression complicating pancreatitis. Br J Radiol. 68(810):662-4, 1995
                                                                                      22. Chin JK et al: Liver/spleen scintigraphy for diagnosis of splenic infarction in cirrhotic patients. Postgrad Med J. 69(815):715-7, 1993
                                                                                      23. Valentine RJ et al: Splenic infarction after splenorenal arterial bypass. J Vasc Surg. 17(3):602-6, 1993
                                                                                      24. Orringer EP et al: Case report: splenic infarction and acute splenic sequestration in adults with hemoglobin SC disease. Am J Med Sci. 302(6):374-9, 1991
                                                                                      25. Goerg C et al: Splenic infarction: sonographic patterns, diagnosis, follow-up, and complications. Radiology. 174(3 Pt 1):803-7, 1990
                                                                                      26. Ting W et al: Splenic septic emboli in endocarditis. Circulation. 82(5 Suppl):IV105-9, 1990