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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Diastematomyelia, diplomyelia
Definitions
- Split cord malformation (SCM): Sagittal division of spinal cord into 2 hemicords
- 2 main types
- Type I SCM: 2 hemicords within separate dural tubes separated by rigid median septum
- Type II SCM: 2 hemicords in single dural tube separated by nonrigid fibrous median septum
- Terms diastematomyelia & diplomyelia have fallen out of favor as they can be difficult to distinguish & are frequently used interchangeably
- Diastematomyelia: Sagittal division of spinal cord into 2 hemicords, each containing central canal, 1 dorsal horn, & 1 ventral horn
- Diplomyelia (rare): Duplication of spinal cord with each cord containing central canal, 2 dorsal horns, & 2 ventral horns
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Karim Ahmed A et al: Split cord malformation in adults: literature review and classification. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 193:105733, 2020
- Barkovich A et al: Pediatric neuroimaging. 6th ed. Wolters Kluwer. 1014-9, 2019
- Beuriat PA et al: Management of split cord malformation in children: the Lyon experience. Childs Nerv Syst. 34(5):883-91, 2018
- Feng F et al: Radiographic characteristics in congenital scoliosis associated with split cord malformation: a retrospective study of 266 surgical cases. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 18(1):420, 2017
- Alzhrani GA et al: Multi-level split cord malformation: do we need a new classification? J Clin Imaging Sci. 4:32, 2014
- Erşahin Y: Split cord malformation types I and II: a personal series of 131 patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(9):1515-26, 2013
- Mahapatra AK: Split cord malformation - a study of 300 cases at AIIMS 1990-2006. J Pediatr Neurosci. 6(Suppl 1):S41-5, 2011
- Muroi A et al: Split medulla in association with multiple closed neural tube defects. Childs Nerv Syst. 26(7):967-71, 2010
- Ayvaz M et al: Is it necessary to operate all split cord malformations before corrective surgery for patients with congenital spinal deformities? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(22):2413-8, 2009
- Liu W et al: Characteristics of osseous septum of split cord malformation in patients presenting with scoliosis: a retrospective study of 48 cases. Pediatr Neurosurg. 45(5):350-3, 2009
- Rowley VB et al: Lumbar split cord malformation with lateral hemimyelomeningocele and associated Chiari II malformation and other visceral and osseous anomalies: a case report. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 33(6):923-6, 2009
- Ansari S et al: Split cord malformation associated with myelomeningocele. J Neurosurg. 107(4 Suppl):281-5, 2007
- Jankowitz BT et al: Cutaneous manifestations of split cord malformations. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. 107(3 Suppl):240-3, 2007
- Kumar R et al: Comparative study of complex spina bifida and split cord malformation. Indian J Pediatr. 72(2):109-15, 2005
- Mahapatra AK et al: Split cord malformations: a clinical study of 254 patients and a proposal for a new clinical-imaging classification. J Neurosurg. 103(6 Suppl):531-6, 2005
- Proctor MR et al: Long-term outcome for patients with split cord malformation. Neurosurg Focus. 10(1):e5, 2001
- Balci S et al: Diastematomyelia in two sisters. Am J Med Genet. 86(2):180-2, 1999
- Ersahin Y et al: Split spinal cord malformations in children. J Neurosurg. 88(1):57-65, 1998
- Kaffenberger DA et al: Meningocele manque: radiologic findings with clinical correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(4):1083-8, 1992
- Pang D et al: Split cord malformation: part I: a unified theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery 31(3): 451-80, 1992
- Naidich TP et al: Diastematomyelia: hemicord and meningeal sheaths; single and double arachnoid and dural tubes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 4(3):633-6, 1983
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Diastematomyelia, diplomyelia
Definitions
- Split cord malformation (SCM): Sagittal division of spinal cord into 2 hemicords
- 2 main types
- Type I SCM: 2 hemicords within separate dural tubes separated by rigid median septum
- Type II SCM: 2 hemicords in single dural tube separated by nonrigid fibrous median septum
- Terms diastematomyelia & diplomyelia have fallen out of favor as they can be difficult to distinguish & are frequently used interchangeably
- Diastematomyelia: Sagittal division of spinal cord into 2 hemicords, each containing central canal, 1 dorsal horn, & 1 ventral horn
- Diplomyelia (rare): Duplication of spinal cord with each cord containing central canal, 2 dorsal horns, & 2 ventral horns
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Karim Ahmed A et al: Split cord malformation in adults: literature review and classification. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 193:105733, 2020
- Barkovich A et al: Pediatric neuroimaging. 6th ed. Wolters Kluwer. 1014-9, 2019
- Beuriat PA et al: Management of split cord malformation in children: the Lyon experience. Childs Nerv Syst. 34(5):883-91, 2018
- Feng F et al: Radiographic characteristics in congenital scoliosis associated with split cord malformation: a retrospective study of 266 surgical cases. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 18(1):420, 2017
- Alzhrani GA et al: Multi-level split cord malformation: do we need a new classification? J Clin Imaging Sci. 4:32, 2014
- Erşahin Y: Split cord malformation types I and II: a personal series of 131 patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(9):1515-26, 2013
- Mahapatra AK: Split cord malformation - a study of 300 cases at AIIMS 1990-2006. J Pediatr Neurosci. 6(Suppl 1):S41-5, 2011
- Muroi A et al: Split medulla in association with multiple closed neural tube defects. Childs Nerv Syst. 26(7):967-71, 2010
- Ayvaz M et al: Is it necessary to operate all split cord malformations before corrective surgery for patients with congenital spinal deformities? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(22):2413-8, 2009
- Liu W et al: Characteristics of osseous septum of split cord malformation in patients presenting with scoliosis: a retrospective study of 48 cases. Pediatr Neurosurg. 45(5):350-3, 2009
- Rowley VB et al: Lumbar split cord malformation with lateral hemimyelomeningocele and associated Chiari II malformation and other visceral and osseous anomalies: a case report. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 33(6):923-6, 2009
- Ansari S et al: Split cord malformation associated with myelomeningocele. J Neurosurg. 107(4 Suppl):281-5, 2007
- Jankowitz BT et al: Cutaneous manifestations of split cord malformations. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg. 107(3 Suppl):240-3, 2007
- Kumar R et al: Comparative study of complex spina bifida and split cord malformation. Indian J Pediatr. 72(2):109-15, 2005
- Mahapatra AK et al: Split cord malformations: a clinical study of 254 patients and a proposal for a new clinical-imaging classification. J Neurosurg. 103(6 Suppl):531-6, 2005
- Proctor MR et al: Long-term outcome for patients with split cord malformation. Neurosurg Focus. 10(1):e5, 2001
- Balci S et al: Diastematomyelia in two sisters. Am J Med Genet. 86(2):180-2, 1999
- Ersahin Y et al: Split spinal cord malformations in children. J Neurosurg. 88(1):57-65, 1998
- Kaffenberger DA et al: Meningocele manque: radiologic findings with clinical correlation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 13(4):1083-8, 1992
- Pang D et al: Split cord malformation: part I: a unified theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery 31(3): 451-80, 1992
- Naidich TP et al: Diastematomyelia: hemicord and meningeal sheaths; single and double arachnoid and dural tubes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 4(3):633-6, 1983
