Carvalho PD et al: How to investigate: early axial spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 33(4):101427, 2019
Taurog JD et al: Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. N Engl J Med. 374(26):2563-74, 2016
Navallas M et al: Sacroiliitis associated with axial spondyloarthropathy: new concepts and latest trends. Radiographics. 33(4):933-56, 2013
El Zahlawy H et al: Cervical spine osteolysis in a case of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy with features mimicking neoplasm or infection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(24):E901-5, 2009
Guglielmi G et al: Imaging of the sacroiliac joint involvement in seronegative spondylarthropathies. Clin Rheumatol. 28(9):1007-19, 2009
Landewé RB et al: Clinical assessment and outcome research in spondyloarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 11(5):334-9, 2009
Rudwaleit M et al: The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal. Ann Rheum Dis. 68(6):770-6, 2009
Rudwaleit M et al: The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 68(6):777-83, 2009
Vinson EN et al: MR imaging of ankylosing spondylitis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 7(2):103-13, 2003
Bollow M et al: Use of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to detect spinal inflammation in patients with spondyloarthritides. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 20(6 Suppl 28):S167-74, 2002
Hitchon PW et al: Fractures of the thoracolumbar spine complicating ankylosing spondylitis. J Neurosurg. 97(2 Suppl):218-22, 2002
Queiro R et al: Clinically asymptomatic axial disease in psoriatic spondyloarthropathy. A retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol. 21(1):10-3, 2002
Cunnane G: Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in inflammatory arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 13(1):67-73, 2001
Sampaio-Barros PD et al: Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies: a 2-year follow-up study. Clin Rheumatol. 20(3):201-6, 2001
Shih TT et al: Spinal fractures and pseudoarthrosis complicating ankylosing spondylitis: MRI manifestation and clinical significance. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 25(2):164-70, 2001
Janssen H et al: MR imaging of arthritides of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):491-512, 2000
Luong AA et al: Imaging of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2(4):288-96, 2000
Mitra D et al: The prevalence of vertebral fractures in mild ankylosing spondylitis and their relationship to bone mineral density. Rheumatology (Oxford). 39(1):85-9, 2000
Braun J et al: Radiologic diagnosis and pathology of the spondyloarthropathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 24(4):697-735, 1998
Deesomchok U et al: Clinical comparison of patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome and psoriatic arthritis. J Med Assoc Thai. 76(2):61-70, 1993
Rosenkranz W: Ankylosing spondylitis: cauda equina syndrome with multiple spinal arachnoid cysts. Case report. J Neurosurg. 34(2 Pt 1):241-3, 1971
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Formerly called seronegative spondyloarthropathy, spondyloarthritis
Axial spondyloarthritis
Definitions
RF(-) inflammatory arthritis and enthesopathy affecting spine and sacroiliac joints (SIJs)
Archetype is ankylosing spondylitis (AS)
Enthesopathy: Inflammation at attachments of ligaments and tendons (entheses)
Carvalho PD et al: How to investigate: early axial spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 33(4):101427, 2019
Taurog JD et al: Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. N Engl J Med. 374(26):2563-74, 2016
Navallas M et al: Sacroiliitis associated with axial spondyloarthropathy: new concepts and latest trends. Radiographics. 33(4):933-56, 2013
El Zahlawy H et al: Cervical spine osteolysis in a case of undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy with features mimicking neoplasm or infection. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34(24):E901-5, 2009
Guglielmi G et al: Imaging of the sacroiliac joint involvement in seronegative spondylarthropathies. Clin Rheumatol. 28(9):1007-19, 2009
Landewé RB et al: Clinical assessment and outcome research in spondyloarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 11(5):334-9, 2009
Rudwaleit M et al: The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part I): classification of paper patients by expert opinion including uncertainty appraisal. Ann Rheum Dis. 68(6):770-6, 2009
Rudwaleit M et al: The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 68(6):777-83, 2009
Vinson EN et al: MR imaging of ankylosing spondylitis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 7(2):103-13, 2003
Bollow M et al: Use of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to detect spinal inflammation in patients with spondyloarthritides. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 20(6 Suppl 28):S167-74, 2002
Hitchon PW et al: Fractures of the thoracolumbar spine complicating ankylosing spondylitis. J Neurosurg. 97(2 Suppl):218-22, 2002
Queiro R et al: Clinically asymptomatic axial disease in psoriatic spondyloarthropathy. A retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol. 21(1):10-3, 2002
Cunnane G: Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in inflammatory arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 13(1):67-73, 2001
Sampaio-Barros PD et al: Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathies: a 2-year follow-up study. Clin Rheumatol. 20(3):201-6, 2001
Shih TT et al: Spinal fractures and pseudoarthrosis complicating ankylosing spondylitis: MRI manifestation and clinical significance. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 25(2):164-70, 2001
Janssen H et al: MR imaging of arthritides of the cervical spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(3):491-512, 2000
Luong AA et al: Imaging of the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2(4):288-96, 2000
Mitra D et al: The prevalence of vertebral fractures in mild ankylosing spondylitis and their relationship to bone mineral density. Rheumatology (Oxford). 39(1):85-9, 2000
Braun J et al: Radiologic diagnosis and pathology of the spondyloarthropathies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 24(4):697-735, 1998
Deesomchok U et al: Clinical comparison of patients with ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome and psoriatic arthritis. J Med Assoc Thai. 76(2):61-70, 1993
Rosenkranz W: Ankylosing spondylitis: cauda equina syndrome with multiple spinal arachnoid cysts. Case report. J Neurosurg. 34(2 Pt 1):241-3, 1971
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.