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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Status epilepticus (SE)
Synonyms
- Transient seizure-related MR changes, reversible postictal cerebral edema
Definitions
- Seizure with ≥ 5 minutes continuous clinical &/or electrographic seizure activity, or recurrent seizure activity without recovery between seizures
- MR changes associated with seizures likely related to transient cerebral edema
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Husari KS et al: New-onset refractory status epilepticus in children: etiologies, treatments, and outcomes. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 21(1):59-66, 2020
- Guerriero RM et al: Imaging modalities to diagnose and localize status epilepticus. Seizure. 68:46-51, 2019
- Sculier C et al: New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). Seizure. 68:72-8, 2019
- Strohm T et al: FDG-PET and MRI in the evolution of new-onset refractory status epilepticus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(2):238-44, 2019
- Meletti S et al: Neuroimaging of status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 59 Suppl 2:113-9, 2018
- Betjemann JP et al: Status epilepticus in adults. Lancet Neurol. 14(6):615-24, 2015
- Cartagena AM et al: Reversible and irreversible cranial MRI findings associated with status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 33:24-30, 2014
- Ohe Y et al: MRI abnormality of the pulvinar in patients with status epilepticus. J Neuroradiol. 41(4):220-6, 2014
- Di Bonaventura C et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 50 Suppl 1:45-52, 2009
- Goyal MK et al: Peri-ictal signal changes in seven patients with status epilepticus: interesting MRI observations. Neuroradiology. 51(3):151-61, 2009
- Katramados AM et al: Periictal diffusion abnormalities of the thalamus in partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 50(2):265-75, 2009
- Masterson K et al: Postictal deficit mimicking stroke: role of perfusion CT. J Neuroradiol. 36(1):48-51, 2009
- Milligan TA et al: Frequency and patterns of MRI abnormalities due to status epilepticus. Seizure. 18(2):104-8, 2009
- Nair PP et al: Role of cranial imaging in epileptic status. Eur J Radiol. 70(3):475-80, 2009
- Buracchio T et al: Restricted diffusion on magnetic resonance imaging in partial status epilepticus. Arch Neurol. 65(2):278-9, 2008
- Goyal MK et al: Role of MR imaging in the evaluation of etiology of status epilepticus. J Neurol Sci. 272(1-2):143-50, 2008
- Provenzale JM et al: Hippocampal MRI signal hyperintensity after febrile status epilepticus is predictive of subsequent mesial temporal sclerosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(4):976-83, 2008
- Yu JT et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates parenchymal pathophysiological changes in epilepsy. Brain Res Rev. 59(1):34-41, 2008
- Kuster GW et al: Hippocampal sclerosis and status epilepticus: cause or consequence? A MRI study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 65(4B):1101-4, 2007
- Parmar H et al: Acute symptomatic seizures and hippocampus damage: DWI and MRS findings. Neurology. 66(11):1732-5, 2006
- Calistri V et al: Visualization of evolving status epilepticus with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(4):671-3, 2003
- Hicdonmez T et al: Reversible postictal MRI change mimicking structural lesion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 105(4):288-90, 2003
- Oster J et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in the splenium after seizures. Epilepsia. 44(6):852-4, 2003
- Cohen-Gadol AA et al: Transient postictal magnetic resonance imaging abnormality of the corpus callosum in a patient with epilepsy. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 97(3):714-7, 2002
- Amato C et al: Transient MRI abnormalities associated with partial status epilepticus: a case report. Eur J Radiol. 38(1):50-4, 2001
- Castillo M et al: Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with acute temporal lobe seizures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(1):152-7, 2001
- Kim JA et al: Transient MR signal changes in patients with generalized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus: periictal diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(6):1149-60, 2001
- Polster T et al: Transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum: three further cases in epileptic patients and a pathophysiological hypothesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70(4):459-63, 2001
- Sagiuchi T et al: Transient seizure activity demonstrated by Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Ann Nucl Med. 15(3):267-70, 2001
- Men S et al: Selective neuronal necrosis associated with status epilepticus: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(10):1837-40, 2000
- Kim SS et al: Focal lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum in epileptic patients: antiepileptic drug toxicity? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(1):125-9, 1999
- Aykut-Bingol C et al: Reversible MRI lesions after seizures. Seizure. 6(3):237-9, 1997
- Chan S et al: Reversible signal abnormalities in the hippocampus and neocortex after prolonged seizures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(9):1725-31, 1996
- Cox JE et al: Seizure-induced transient hippocampal abnormalities on MR: correlation with positron emission tomography and electroencephalography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(8):1736-8, 1995
- Wasterlain CG et al: Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 34 Suppl 1:S37-53, 1993
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Status epilepticus (SE)
Synonyms
- Transient seizure-related MR changes, reversible postictal cerebral edema
Definitions
- Seizure with ≥ 5 minutes continuous clinical &/or electrographic seizure activity, or recurrent seizure activity without recovery between seizures
- MR changes associated with seizures likely related to transient cerebral edema
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Husari KS et al: New-onset refractory status epilepticus in children: etiologies, treatments, and outcomes. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 21(1):59-66, 2020
- Guerriero RM et al: Imaging modalities to diagnose and localize status epilepticus. Seizure. 68:46-51, 2019
- Sculier C et al: New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). Seizure. 68:72-8, 2019
- Strohm T et al: FDG-PET and MRI in the evolution of new-onset refractory status epilepticus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(2):238-44, 2019
- Meletti S et al: Neuroimaging of status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 59 Suppl 2:113-9, 2018
- Betjemann JP et al: Status epilepticus in adults. Lancet Neurol. 14(6):615-24, 2015
- Cartagena AM et al: Reversible and irreversible cranial MRI findings associated with status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 33:24-30, 2014
- Ohe Y et al: MRI abnormality of the pulvinar in patients with status epilepticus. J Neuroradiol. 41(4):220-6, 2014
- Di Bonaventura C et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 50 Suppl 1:45-52, 2009
- Goyal MK et al: Peri-ictal signal changes in seven patients with status epilepticus: interesting MRI observations. Neuroradiology. 51(3):151-61, 2009
- Katramados AM et al: Periictal diffusion abnormalities of the thalamus in partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 50(2):265-75, 2009
- Masterson K et al: Postictal deficit mimicking stroke: role of perfusion CT. J Neuroradiol. 36(1):48-51, 2009
- Milligan TA et al: Frequency and patterns of MRI abnormalities due to status epilepticus. Seizure. 18(2):104-8, 2009
- Nair PP et al: Role of cranial imaging in epileptic status. Eur J Radiol. 70(3):475-80, 2009
- Buracchio T et al: Restricted diffusion on magnetic resonance imaging in partial status epilepticus. Arch Neurol. 65(2):278-9, 2008
- Goyal MK et al: Role of MR imaging in the evaluation of etiology of status epilepticus. J Neurol Sci. 272(1-2):143-50, 2008
- Provenzale JM et al: Hippocampal MRI signal hyperintensity after febrile status epilepticus is predictive of subsequent mesial temporal sclerosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(4):976-83, 2008
- Yu JT et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates parenchymal pathophysiological changes in epilepsy. Brain Res Rev. 59(1):34-41, 2008
- Kuster GW et al: Hippocampal sclerosis and status epilepticus: cause or consequence? A MRI study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 65(4B):1101-4, 2007
- Parmar H et al: Acute symptomatic seizures and hippocampus damage: DWI and MRS findings. Neurology. 66(11):1732-5, 2006
- Calistri V et al: Visualization of evolving status epilepticus with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(4):671-3, 2003
- Hicdonmez T et al: Reversible postictal MRI change mimicking structural lesion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 105(4):288-90, 2003
- Oster J et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in the splenium after seizures. Epilepsia. 44(6):852-4, 2003
- Cohen-Gadol AA et al: Transient postictal magnetic resonance imaging abnormality of the corpus callosum in a patient with epilepsy. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 97(3):714-7, 2002
- Amato C et al: Transient MRI abnormalities associated with partial status epilepticus: a case report. Eur J Radiol. 38(1):50-4, 2001
- Castillo M et al: Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with acute temporal lobe seizures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(1):152-7, 2001
- Kim JA et al: Transient MR signal changes in patients with generalized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus: periictal diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(6):1149-60, 2001
- Polster T et al: Transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum: three further cases in epileptic patients and a pathophysiological hypothesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70(4):459-63, 2001
- Sagiuchi T et al: Transient seizure activity demonstrated by Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Ann Nucl Med. 15(3):267-70, 2001
- Men S et al: Selective neuronal necrosis associated with status epilepticus: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(10):1837-40, 2000
- Kim SS et al: Focal lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum in epileptic patients: antiepileptic drug toxicity? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(1):125-9, 1999
- Aykut-Bingol C et al: Reversible MRI lesions after seizures. Seizure. 6(3):237-9, 1997
- Chan S et al: Reversible signal abnormalities in the hippocampus and neocortex after prolonged seizures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(9):1725-31, 1996
- Cox JE et al: Seizure-induced transient hippocampal abnormalities on MR: correlation with positron emission tomography and electroencephalography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(8):1736-8, 1995
- Wasterlain CG et al: Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 34 Suppl 1:S37-53, 1993
