Seizure with ≥ 5 minutes continuous clinical &/or electrographic seizure activity, or recurrent seizure activity without recovery between seizures
MR changes associated with seizures likely related to transient cerebral edema
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Husari KS et al: New-onset refractory status epilepticus in children: etiologies, treatments, and outcomes. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 21(1):59-66, 2020
Guerriero RM et al: Imaging modalities to diagnose and localize status epilepticus. Seizure. 68:46-51, 2019
Sculier C et al: New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). Seizure. 68:72-8, 2019
Strohm T et al: FDG-PET and MRI in the evolution of new-onset refractory status epilepticus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(2):238-44, 2019
Meletti S et al: Neuroimaging of status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 59 Suppl 2:113-9, 2018
Betjemann JP et al: Status epilepticus in adults. Lancet Neurol. 14(6):615-24, 2015
Cartagena AM et al: Reversible and irreversible cranial MRI findings associated with status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 33:24-30, 2014
Ohe Y et al: MRI abnormality of the pulvinar in patients with status epilepticus. J Neuroradiol. 41(4):220-6, 2014
Di Bonaventura C et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 50 Suppl 1:45-52, 2009
Goyal MK et al: Peri-ictal signal changes in seven patients with status epilepticus: interesting MRI observations. Neuroradiology. 51(3):151-61, 2009
Katramados AM et al: Periictal diffusion abnormalities of the thalamus in partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 50(2):265-75, 2009
Masterson K et al: Postictal deficit mimicking stroke: role of perfusion CT. J Neuroradiol. 36(1):48-51, 2009
Milligan TA et al: Frequency and patterns of MRI abnormalities due to status epilepticus. Seizure. 18(2):104-8, 2009
Nair PP et al: Role of cranial imaging in epileptic status. Eur J Radiol. 70(3):475-80, 2009
Buracchio T et al: Restricted diffusion on magnetic resonance imaging in partial status epilepticus. Arch Neurol. 65(2):278-9, 2008
Goyal MK et al: Role of MR imaging in the evaluation of etiology of status epilepticus. J Neurol Sci. 272(1-2):143-50, 2008
Provenzale JM et al: Hippocampal MRI signal hyperintensity after febrile status epilepticus is predictive of subsequent mesial temporal sclerosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(4):976-83, 2008
Yu JT et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates parenchymal pathophysiological changes in epilepsy. Brain Res Rev. 59(1):34-41, 2008
Kuster GW et al: Hippocampal sclerosis and status epilepticus: cause or consequence? A MRI study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 65(4B):1101-4, 2007
Parmar H et al: Acute symptomatic seizures and hippocampus damage: DWI and MRS findings. Neurology. 66(11):1732-5, 2006
Calistri V et al: Visualization of evolving status epilepticus with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(4):671-3, 2003
Hicdonmez T et al: Reversible postictal MRI change mimicking structural lesion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 105(4):288-90, 2003
Oster J et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in the splenium after seizures. Epilepsia. 44(6):852-4, 2003
Cohen-Gadol AA et al: Transient postictal magnetic resonance imaging abnormality of the corpus callosum in a patient with epilepsy. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 97(3):714-7, 2002
Amato C et al: Transient MRI abnormalities associated with partial status epilepticus: a case report. Eur J Radiol. 38(1):50-4, 2001
Castillo M et al: Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with acute temporal lobe seizures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(1):152-7, 2001
Kim JA et al: Transient MR signal changes in patients with generalized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus: periictal diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(6):1149-60, 2001
Polster T et al: Transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum: three further cases in epileptic patients and a pathophysiological hypothesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70(4):459-63, 2001
Sagiuchi T et al: Transient seizure activity demonstrated by Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Ann Nucl Med. 15(3):267-70, 2001
Men S et al: Selective neuronal necrosis associated with status epilepticus: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(10):1837-40, 2000
Kim SS et al: Focal lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum in epileptic patients: antiepileptic drug toxicity? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(1):125-9, 1999
Aykut-Bingol C et al: Reversible MRI lesions after seizures. Seizure. 6(3):237-9, 1997
Chan S et al: Reversible signal abnormalities in the hippocampus and neocortex after prolonged seizures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(9):1725-31, 1996
Cox JE et al: Seizure-induced transient hippocampal abnormalities on MR: correlation with positron emission tomography and electroencephalography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(8):1736-8, 1995
Wasterlain CG et al: Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 34 Suppl 1:S37-53, 1993
Seizure with ≥ 5 minutes continuous clinical &/or electrographic seizure activity, or recurrent seizure activity without recovery between seizures
MR changes associated with seizures likely related to transient cerebral edema
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Husari KS et al: New-onset refractory status epilepticus in children: etiologies, treatments, and outcomes. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 21(1):59-66, 2020
Guerriero RM et al: Imaging modalities to diagnose and localize status epilepticus. Seizure. 68:46-51, 2019
Sculier C et al: New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). Seizure. 68:72-8, 2019
Strohm T et al: FDG-PET and MRI in the evolution of new-onset refractory status epilepticus. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 40(2):238-44, 2019
Meletti S et al: Neuroimaging of status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 59 Suppl 2:113-9, 2018
Betjemann JP et al: Status epilepticus in adults. Lancet Neurol. 14(6):615-24, 2015
Cartagena AM et al: Reversible and irreversible cranial MRI findings associated with status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav. 33:24-30, 2014
Ohe Y et al: MRI abnormality of the pulvinar in patients with status epilepticus. J Neuroradiol. 41(4):220-6, 2014
Di Bonaventura C et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in patients with partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 50 Suppl 1:45-52, 2009
Goyal MK et al: Peri-ictal signal changes in seven patients with status epilepticus: interesting MRI observations. Neuroradiology. 51(3):151-61, 2009
Katramados AM et al: Periictal diffusion abnormalities of the thalamus in partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 50(2):265-75, 2009
Masterson K et al: Postictal deficit mimicking stroke: role of perfusion CT. J Neuroradiol. 36(1):48-51, 2009
Milligan TA et al: Frequency and patterns of MRI abnormalities due to status epilepticus. Seizure. 18(2):104-8, 2009
Nair PP et al: Role of cranial imaging in epileptic status. Eur J Radiol. 70(3):475-80, 2009
Buracchio T et al: Restricted diffusion on magnetic resonance imaging in partial status epilepticus. Arch Neurol. 65(2):278-9, 2008
Goyal MK et al: Role of MR imaging in the evaluation of etiology of status epilepticus. J Neurol Sci. 272(1-2):143-50, 2008
Provenzale JM et al: Hippocampal MRI signal hyperintensity after febrile status epilepticus is predictive of subsequent mesial temporal sclerosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(4):976-83, 2008
Yu JT et al: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates parenchymal pathophysiological changes in epilepsy. Brain Res Rev. 59(1):34-41, 2008
Kuster GW et al: Hippocampal sclerosis and status epilepticus: cause or consequence? A MRI study. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 65(4B):1101-4, 2007
Parmar H et al: Acute symptomatic seizures and hippocampus damage: DWI and MRS findings. Neurology. 66(11):1732-5, 2006
Calistri V et al: Visualization of evolving status epilepticus with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(4):671-3, 2003
Hicdonmez T et al: Reversible postictal MRI change mimicking structural lesion. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 105(4):288-90, 2003
Oster J et al: Diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in the splenium after seizures. Epilepsia. 44(6):852-4, 2003
Cohen-Gadol AA et al: Transient postictal magnetic resonance imaging abnormality of the corpus callosum in a patient with epilepsy. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 97(3):714-7, 2002
Amato C et al: Transient MRI abnormalities associated with partial status epilepticus: a case report. Eur J Radiol. 38(1):50-4, 2001
Castillo M et al: Proton MR spectroscopy in patients with acute temporal lobe seizures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(1):152-7, 2001
Kim JA et al: Transient MR signal changes in patients with generalized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus: periictal diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22(6):1149-60, 2001
Polster T et al: Transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum: three further cases in epileptic patients and a pathophysiological hypothesis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 70(4):459-63, 2001
Sagiuchi T et al: Transient seizure activity demonstrated by Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Ann Nucl Med. 15(3):267-70, 2001
Men S et al: Selective neuronal necrosis associated with status epilepticus: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(10):1837-40, 2000
Kim SS et al: Focal lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum in epileptic patients: antiepileptic drug toxicity? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(1):125-9, 1999
Aykut-Bingol C et al: Reversible MRI lesions after seizures. Seizure. 6(3):237-9, 1997
Chan S et al: Reversible signal abnormalities in the hippocampus and neocortex after prolonged seizures. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 17(9):1725-31, 1996
Cox JE et al: Seizure-induced transient hippocampal abnormalities on MR: correlation with positron emission tomography and electroencephalography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 16(8):1736-8, 1995
Wasterlain CG et al: Pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage from status epilepticus. Epilepsia. 34 Suppl 1:S37-53, 1993
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