Characterized by accumulation of increasing amounts of triglycerides within hepatocytes
Steatosis is metabolic complication of variety of toxic, ischemic, and infectious insults to liver
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Meunier L et al: Chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis. Ann Hepatol. 19(6):597-601, 2020
Starekova J et al: Liver fat quantification: where do we stand? Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(11):3386-99, 2020
Castera L et al: Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 156(5):1264-81.e4, 2019
Flisiak-Jackiewicz M et al: Update on pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Clin Exp Hepatol. 5(1):11-21, 2019
Gu J et al: Diagnostic value of MRI-PDFF for hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 29(7):3564-73, 2019
Manka P et al: Fibrosis in chronic liver disease: an update on diagnostic and treatment Modalities. Drugs. 79(9):903-27, 2019
Marchisello S et al: Pathophysiological, molecular and therapeutic issues of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 20(8), 2019
Zhou JH et al: Noninvasive evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and practice. World J Gastroenterol. 25(11):1307-26, 2019
Caussy C et al: Noninvasive, quantitative assessment of liver fat by MRI-PDFF as an endpoint in NASH trials. Hepatology. 68(2):763-72, 2018
Zhang Y et al: Comparison of CT and magnetic resonance mDIXON-Quant sequence in the diagnosis of mild hepatic steatosis. Br J Radiol. 91(1091):20170587, 2018
Middleton MS et al: Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction measurements and pathologist-assigned steatosis grades of liver biopsies from adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 153(3):753-61, 2017
Chang W et al: Liver fibrosis staging with MR elastography: comparison of diagnostic performance between patients with chronic hepatitis B and those with other etiologic causes. Radiology. 280(1):88-97, 2016
Idilman IS et al: Hepatic steatosis: etiology, patterns, and quantification. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 37(6):501-10, 2016
Karanjia RN et al: Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: non-invasive assessment. World J Gastroenterol. 22(45):9880-97, 2016
Pais TP et al: Multiple liver lesions of unusual benign etiology mimicking metastatic disease. Gastroenterology. 147(2):e10-1, 2014
Zoppini G et al: Mortality from chronic liver diseases in diabetes. Am J Gastroenterol. 109(7):1020-5, 2014
Pokharel SS et al: Current MR imaging lipid detection techniques for diagnosis of lesions in the abdomen and pelvis. Radiographics. 33(3):681-702, 2013
Raptis DA et al: MRI: the new reference standard in quantifying hepatic steatosis? Gut. 61(1):117-27, 2012
Lazo M et al: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 343(7832):d6891, 2011
Lee SS et al: Hepatic fat quantification using chemical shift MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in the presence of hepatic iron deposition: validation in phantoms and in patients with chronic liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 33(6):1390-8, 2011
Mansour S et al: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mimicking liver metastasis in obesity surgery. Dig Endosc. 23(4):316-8, 2011
Marsman HA et al: Hepatic steatosis assessment with CT or MRI in patients with colorectal liver metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol. 104(1):10-6, 2011
Rastogi A et al: Steatosis in chronic hepatitis B: prevalence and correlation with biochemical, histologic, viral, and metabolic parameters. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 54(3):454-9, 2011
Kalra N et al: Chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in detecting hepatic steatosis but not fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ann Hepatol. 8(1):21-5, 2009
Ma X et al: Imaging-based quantification of hepatic fat: methods and clinical applications. Radiographics. 29(5):1253-77, 2009
Cowin GJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring liver steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 28(4):937-45, 2008
Furlan A et al: Multiple hepatic adenomas associated with liver steatosis at CT and MRI: a case-control study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(5):1430-5, 2008
Jou J et al: Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 28(4):370-9, 2008
Park SH et al: Macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in living liver donors: use of CT for quantitative and qualitative assessment. Radiology. 239(1):105-12, 2006
Kemper J et al: CT and MRI findings of multifocal hepatic steatosis mimicking malignancy. Abdom Imaging. 27(6):708-10, 2002
Rubaltelli L et al: Targetlike appearance of pseudotumors in segment IV of the liver on sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(1):75-7, 2002
Outwater EK et al: Detection of lipid in abdominal tissues with opposed-phase gradient-echo images at 1.5 T: techniques and diagnostic importance. Radiographics. 18(6):1465-80, 1998
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Hepatic steatosis or hepatic fatty metamorphosis
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Definitions
Characterized by accumulation of increasing amounts of triglycerides within hepatocytes
Steatosis is metabolic complication of variety of toxic, ischemic, and infectious insults to liver
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Meunier L et al: Chemotherapy-associated steatohepatitis. Ann Hepatol. 19(6):597-601, 2020
Starekova J et al: Liver fat quantification: where do we stand? Abdom Radiol (NY). 45(11):3386-99, 2020
Castera L et al: Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 156(5):1264-81.e4, 2019
Flisiak-Jackiewicz M et al: Update on pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Clin Exp Hepatol. 5(1):11-21, 2019
Gu J et al: Diagnostic value of MRI-PDFF for hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 29(7):3564-73, 2019
Manka P et al: Fibrosis in chronic liver disease: an update on diagnostic and treatment Modalities. Drugs. 79(9):903-27, 2019
Marchisello S et al: Pathophysiological, molecular and therapeutic issues of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 20(8), 2019
Zhou JH et al: Noninvasive evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and practice. World J Gastroenterol. 25(11):1307-26, 2019
Caussy C et al: Noninvasive, quantitative assessment of liver fat by MRI-PDFF as an endpoint in NASH trials. Hepatology. 68(2):763-72, 2018
Zhang Y et al: Comparison of CT and magnetic resonance mDIXON-Quant sequence in the diagnosis of mild hepatic steatosis. Br J Radiol. 91(1091):20170587, 2018
Middleton MS et al: Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction measurements and pathologist-assigned steatosis grades of liver biopsies from adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 153(3):753-61, 2017
Chang W et al: Liver fibrosis staging with MR elastography: comparison of diagnostic performance between patients with chronic hepatitis B and those with other etiologic causes. Radiology. 280(1):88-97, 2016
Idilman IS et al: Hepatic steatosis: etiology, patterns, and quantification. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 37(6):501-10, 2016
Karanjia RN et al: Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: non-invasive assessment. World J Gastroenterol. 22(45):9880-97, 2016
Pais TP et al: Multiple liver lesions of unusual benign etiology mimicking metastatic disease. Gastroenterology. 147(2):e10-1, 2014
Zoppini G et al: Mortality from chronic liver diseases in diabetes. Am J Gastroenterol. 109(7):1020-5, 2014
Pokharel SS et al: Current MR imaging lipid detection techniques for diagnosis of lesions in the abdomen and pelvis. Radiographics. 33(3):681-702, 2013
Raptis DA et al: MRI: the new reference standard in quantifying hepatic steatosis? Gut. 61(1):117-27, 2012
Lazo M et al: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 343(7832):d6891, 2011
Lee SS et al: Hepatic fat quantification using chemical shift MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in the presence of hepatic iron deposition: validation in phantoms and in patients with chronic liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 33(6):1390-8, 2011
Mansour S et al: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mimicking liver metastasis in obesity surgery. Dig Endosc. 23(4):316-8, 2011
Marsman HA et al: Hepatic steatosis assessment with CT or MRI in patients with colorectal liver metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol. 104(1):10-6, 2011
Rastogi A et al: Steatosis in chronic hepatitis B: prevalence and correlation with biochemical, histologic, viral, and metabolic parameters. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 54(3):454-9, 2011
Kalra N et al: Chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in detecting hepatic steatosis but not fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ann Hepatol. 8(1):21-5, 2009
Ma X et al: Imaging-based quantification of hepatic fat: methods and clinical applications. Radiographics. 29(5):1253-77, 2009
Cowin GJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring liver steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 28(4):937-45, 2008
Furlan A et al: Multiple hepatic adenomas associated with liver steatosis at CT and MRI: a case-control study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(5):1430-5, 2008
Jou J et al: Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 28(4):370-9, 2008
Park SH et al: Macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in living liver donors: use of CT for quantitative and qualitative assessment. Radiology. 239(1):105-12, 2006
Kemper J et al: CT and MRI findings of multifocal hepatic steatosis mimicking malignancy. Abdom Imaging. 27(6):708-10, 2002
Rubaltelli L et al: Targetlike appearance of pseudotumors in segment IV of the liver on sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(1):75-7, 2002
Outwater EK et al: Detection of lipid in abdominal tissues with opposed-phase gradient-echo images at 1.5 T: techniques and diagnostic importance. Radiographics. 18(6):1465-80, 1998
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