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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Hepatic steatosis or hepatic fatty metamorphosis
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Definitions
- Characterized by accumulation of increasing amounts of triglycerides within hepatocytes
- Steatosis is metabolic complication of variety of toxic, ischemic, and infectious insults to liver
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Castera L et al: Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 156(5):1264-81.e4, 2019
- Flisiak-Jackiewicz M et al: Update on pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Clin Exp Hepatol. 5(1):11-21, 2019
- Gu J et al: Diagnostic value of MRI-PDFF for hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 29(7):3564-73, 2019
- Manka P et al: Fibrosis in chronic liver disease: an update on diagnostic and treatment Modalities. Drugs. 79(9):903-27, 2019
- Marchisello S et al: Pathophysiological, molecular and therapeutic issues of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 20(8), 2019
- Zhou JH et al: Noninvasive evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and practice. World J Gastroenterol. 25(11):1307-26, 2019
- Zhang Y et al: Comparison of CT and magnetic resonance mDIXON-Quant sequence in the diagnosis of mild hepatic steatosis. Br J Radiol. 91(1091):20170587, 2018
- Middleton MS et al: Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction measurements and pathologist-assigned steatosis grades of liver biopsies from adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 153(3):753-61, 2017
- Chang W et al: Liver fibrosis staging with MR elastography: comparison of diagnostic performance between patients with chronic hepatitis B and those with other etiologic causes. Radiology. 280(1):88-97, 2016
- Idilman IS et al: Hepatic steatosis: etiology, patterns, and quantification. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 37(6):501-10, 2016
- Karanjia RN et al: Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: Non-invasive assessment. World J Gastroenterol. 22(45):9880-97, 2016
- Pais TP et al: Multiple liver lesions of unusual benign etiology mimicking metastatic disease. Gastroenterology. 147(2):e10-1, 2014
- Zoppini G et al: Mortality from chronic liver diseases in diabetes. Am J Gastroenterol. 109(7):1020-5, 2014
- Raptis DA et al: MRI: the new reference standard in quantifying hepatic steatosis? Gut. 61(1):117-27, 2012
- Lazo M et al: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 343(7832):d6891, 2011
- Lee SS et al: Hepatic fat quantification using chemical shift MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in the presence of hepatic iron deposition: validation in phantoms and in patients with chronic liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 33(6):1390-8, 2011
- Mansour S et al: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mimicking liver metastasis in obesity surgery. Dig Endosc. 23(4):316-8, 2011
- Marsman HA et al: Hepatic steatosis assessment with CT or MRI in patients with colorectal liver metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol. 104(1):10-6, 2011
- Rastogi A et al: Steatosis in chronic hepatitis B: prevalence and correlation with biochemical, histologic, viral, and metabolic parameters. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 54(3):454-9, 2011
- Kalra N et al: Chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in detecting hepatic steatosis but not fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ann Hepatol. 8(1):21-5, 2009
- Ma X et al: Imaging-based quantification of hepatic fat: methods and clinical applications. Radiographics. 29(5):1253-77, 2009
- Cowin GJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring liver steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 28(4):937-45, 2008
- Furlan A et al: Multiple hepatic adenomas associated with liver steatosis at CT and MRI: a case-control study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(5):1430-5, 2008
- Jou J et al: Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 28(4):370-9, 2008
- Park SH et al: Macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in living liver donors: use of CT for quantitative and qualitative assessment. Radiology. 239(1):105-12, 2006
- Kemper J et al: CT and MRI findings of multifocal hepatic steatosis mimicking malignancy. Abdom Imaging. 27(6):708-10, 2002
- Rubaltelli L et al: Targetlike appearance of pseudotumors in segment IV of the liver on sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(1):75-7, 2002
- Outwater EK et al: Detection of lipid in abdominal tissues with opposed-phase gradient-echo images at 1.5 T: techniques and diagnostic importance. Radiographics. 18(6):1465-80, 1998
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Hepatic steatosis or hepatic fatty metamorphosis
- Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Definitions
- Characterized by accumulation of increasing amounts of triglycerides within hepatocytes
- Steatosis is metabolic complication of variety of toxic, ischemic, and infectious insults to liver
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Castera L et al: Noninvasive assessment of liver disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 156(5):1264-81.e4, 2019
- Flisiak-Jackiewicz M et al: Update on pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Clin Exp Hepatol. 5(1):11-21, 2019
- Gu J et al: Diagnostic value of MRI-PDFF for hepatic steatosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 29(7):3564-73, 2019
- Manka P et al: Fibrosis in chronic liver disease: an update on diagnostic and treatment Modalities. Drugs. 79(9):903-27, 2019
- Marchisello S et al: Pathophysiological, molecular and therapeutic issues of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 20(8), 2019
- Zhou JH et al: Noninvasive evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and practice. World J Gastroenterol. 25(11):1307-26, 2019
- Zhang Y et al: Comparison of CT and magnetic resonance mDIXON-Quant sequence in the diagnosis of mild hepatic steatosis. Br J Radiol. 91(1091):20170587, 2018
- Middleton MS et al: Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction measurements and pathologist-assigned steatosis grades of liver biopsies from adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 153(3):753-61, 2017
- Chang W et al: Liver fibrosis staging with MR elastography: comparison of diagnostic performance between patients with chronic hepatitis B and those with other etiologic causes. Radiology. 280(1):88-97, 2016
- Idilman IS et al: Hepatic steatosis: etiology, patterns, and quantification. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 37(6):501-10, 2016
- Karanjia RN et al: Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis: Non-invasive assessment. World J Gastroenterol. 22(45):9880-97, 2016
- Pais TP et al: Multiple liver lesions of unusual benign etiology mimicking metastatic disease. Gastroenterology. 147(2):e10-1, 2014
- Zoppini G et al: Mortality from chronic liver diseases in diabetes. Am J Gastroenterol. 109(7):1020-5, 2014
- Raptis DA et al: MRI: the new reference standard in quantifying hepatic steatosis? Gut. 61(1):117-27, 2012
- Lazo M et al: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and mortality among US adults: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 343(7832):d6891, 2011
- Lee SS et al: Hepatic fat quantification using chemical shift MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in the presence of hepatic iron deposition: validation in phantoms and in patients with chronic liver disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 33(6):1390-8, 2011
- Mansour S et al: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mimicking liver metastasis in obesity surgery. Dig Endosc. 23(4):316-8, 2011
- Marsman HA et al: Hepatic steatosis assessment with CT or MRI in patients with colorectal liver metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol. 104(1):10-6, 2011
- Rastogi A et al: Steatosis in chronic hepatitis B: prevalence and correlation with biochemical, histologic, viral, and metabolic parameters. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 54(3):454-9, 2011
- Kalra N et al: Chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging is helpful in detecting hepatic steatosis but not fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ann Hepatol. 8(1):21-5, 2009
- Ma X et al: Imaging-based quantification of hepatic fat: methods and clinical applications. Radiographics. 29(5):1253-77, 2009
- Cowin GJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for monitoring liver steatosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 28(4):937-45, 2008
- Furlan A et al: Multiple hepatic adenomas associated with liver steatosis at CT and MRI: a case-control study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 191(5):1430-5, 2008
- Jou J et al: Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis. 28(4):370-9, 2008
- Park SH et al: Macrovesicular hepatic steatosis in living liver donors: use of CT for quantitative and qualitative assessment. Radiology. 239(1):105-12, 2006
- Kemper J et al: CT and MRI findings of multifocal hepatic steatosis mimicking malignancy. Abdom Imaging. 27(6):708-10, 2002
- Rubaltelli L et al: Targetlike appearance of pseudotumors in segment IV of the liver on sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(1):75-7, 2002
- Outwater EK et al: Detection of lipid in abdominal tissues with opposed-phase gradient-echo images at 1.5 T: techniques and diagnostic importance. Radiographics. 18(6):1465-80, 1998
