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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Fatigue fracture, insufficiency fracture, osteoporotic fracture, stress reaction
Definitions
- Stress or fatigue fracture results from abnormal repetitive stress on normal bone
- Insufficiency fracture results from normal stress on abnormal bone
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Bugbee S: Rib stress fracture in a golfer. Curr Sports Med Rep. 9(1):40-2, 2010
- Banal F et al: Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in early diagnosis of metatarsal bone stress fractures: a pilot study of 37 patients. J Rheumatol. 36(8):1715-9, 2009
- Brockwell J et al: Stress fractures of the foot and ankle. Sports Med Arthrosc. 17(3):149-59, 2009
- Craig DI: Current developments concerning medial tibial stress syndrome. Phys Sportsmed. 37(4):39-44, 2009
- Davis KW: Transient migratory osteoporosis or insufficiency fracture? J Clin Rheumatol. 15(3):153, 2009
- Hodnett PA et al: MR imaging of overuse injuries of the hip. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 17(4):667-79, vi, 2009
- Hong SH et al: Stress fracture of the proximal fibula in military recruits. Clin Orthop Surg. 1(3):161-4, 2009
- Hubbard TJ et al: Contributing factors to medial tibial stress syndrome: a prospective investigation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 41(3):490-6, 2009
- Krestan C et al: Imaging of insufficiency fractures. Eur J Radiol. 71(3):398-405, 2009
- Kuo CL et al: Stress fractures of forearm bones in military recruits of rifle drill training. J Trauma. 67(4):742-5, 2009
- Manore MM et al: The female athlete triad: components, nutrition issues, and health consequences. J Sports Sci. 2007;25 Suppl 1:S61-71. Review. Erratum in: J Sports Sci. 27(6):667, 2009
- Miyamoto RG et al: Surgical treatment of refractory tibial stress fractures in elite dancers: a case series. Am J Sports Med. 37(6):1150-4, 2009
- Niva MH et al: Bone stress injuries are common in female military trainees: a preliminary study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 467(11):2962-9, 2009
- Venkatanarasimha N et al: Proximal ulna stress fracture and stress reaction of the proximal radius associated with the use of crutches: a case report and literature review. J Orthop Traumatol. 10(3):155-7, 2009
- Campbell SE et al: Imaging of stress injuries of the pelvis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 12(1):62-71, 2008
- Moran DS et al: Imaging of lower extremity stress fracture injuries. Sports Med. 38(4):345-56, 2008
- Zajick DC et al: Spectrum of MRI findings in clinical athletic pubalgia. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 12(1):3-12, 2008
- Datir AP: Stress-related bone injuries with emphasis on MRI. Clin Radiol. 62(9):828-36, 2007
- Silva MJ: Biomechanics of osteoporotic fractures. Injury. 38 Suppl 3:S69-76, 2007
- Anderson MW: Imaging of upper extremity stress fractures in the athlete. Clin Sports Med. 25(3):489-504, vii, 2006
- Chen RC et al: Troublesome stress fractures of the foot and ankle. Sports Med Arthrosc. 14(4):246-51, 2006
- DeFranco MJ et al: Stress fractures of the femur in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 25(1):89-103, ix, 2006
- Gaeta M et al: High-resolution CT grading of tibial stress reactions in distance runners. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(3):789-93, 2006
- Gehrmann RM et al: Current concepts review: Stress fractures of the foot. Foot Ankle Int. 27(9):750-7, 2006
- Pepper M et al: The pathophysiology of stress fractures. Clin Sports Med. 25(1):1-16, vii, 2006
- Ruohola JP et al: Fatigue bone injuries causing anterior lower leg pain. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 444:216-23, 2006
- Snyder RA et al: Epidemiology of stress fractures. Clin Sports Med. 25(1):37-52, viii, 2006
- Umans HR: Imaging sports medicine injuries of the foot and toes. Clin Sports Med. 25(4):763-80, 2006
- Wall J et al: Imaging of stress fractures in runners. Clin Sports Med. 25(4):781-802, 2006
- Bolin D et al: Current concepts in the evaluation and management of stress fractures. Curr Sports Med Rep. 4(6):295-300, 2005
- Joy EA et al: Stress fractures in the female athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep. 4(6):323-8, 2005
- Knapp TP et al: Stress fractures: general concepts. Clin Sports Med. 16(2):339-56, 1997
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Fatigue fracture, insufficiency fracture, osteoporotic fracture, stress reaction
Definitions
- Stress or fatigue fracture results from abnormal repetitive stress on normal bone
- Insufficiency fracture results from normal stress on abnormal bone
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Bugbee S: Rib stress fracture in a golfer. Curr Sports Med Rep. 9(1):40-2, 2010
- Banal F et al: Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography in early diagnosis of metatarsal bone stress fractures: a pilot study of 37 patients. J Rheumatol. 36(8):1715-9, 2009
- Brockwell J et al: Stress fractures of the foot and ankle. Sports Med Arthrosc. 17(3):149-59, 2009
- Craig DI: Current developments concerning medial tibial stress syndrome. Phys Sportsmed. 37(4):39-44, 2009
- Davis KW: Transient migratory osteoporosis or insufficiency fracture? J Clin Rheumatol. 15(3):153, 2009
- Hodnett PA et al: MR imaging of overuse injuries of the hip. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 17(4):667-79, vi, 2009
- Hong SH et al: Stress fracture of the proximal fibula in military recruits. Clin Orthop Surg. 1(3):161-4, 2009
- Hubbard TJ et al: Contributing factors to medial tibial stress syndrome: a prospective investigation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 41(3):490-6, 2009
- Krestan C et al: Imaging of insufficiency fractures. Eur J Radiol. 71(3):398-405, 2009
- Kuo CL et al: Stress fractures of forearm bones in military recruits of rifle drill training. J Trauma. 67(4):742-5, 2009
- Manore MM et al: The female athlete triad: components, nutrition issues, and health consequences. J Sports Sci. 2007;25 Suppl 1:S61-71. Review. Erratum in: J Sports Sci. 27(6):667, 2009
- Miyamoto RG et al: Surgical treatment of refractory tibial stress fractures in elite dancers: a case series. Am J Sports Med. 37(6):1150-4, 2009
- Niva MH et al: Bone stress injuries are common in female military trainees: a preliminary study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 467(11):2962-9, 2009
- Venkatanarasimha N et al: Proximal ulna stress fracture and stress reaction of the proximal radius associated with the use of crutches: a case report and literature review. J Orthop Traumatol. 10(3):155-7, 2009
- Campbell SE et al: Imaging of stress injuries of the pelvis. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 12(1):62-71, 2008
- Moran DS et al: Imaging of lower extremity stress fracture injuries. Sports Med. 38(4):345-56, 2008
- Zajick DC et al: Spectrum of MRI findings in clinical athletic pubalgia. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 12(1):3-12, 2008
- Datir AP: Stress-related bone injuries with emphasis on MRI. Clin Radiol. 62(9):828-36, 2007
- Silva MJ: Biomechanics of osteoporotic fractures. Injury. 38 Suppl 3:S69-76, 2007
- Anderson MW: Imaging of upper extremity stress fractures in the athlete. Clin Sports Med. 25(3):489-504, vii, 2006
- Chen RC et al: Troublesome stress fractures of the foot and ankle. Sports Med Arthrosc. 14(4):246-51, 2006
- DeFranco MJ et al: Stress fractures of the femur in athletes. Clin Sports Med. 25(1):89-103, ix, 2006
- Gaeta M et al: High-resolution CT grading of tibial stress reactions in distance runners. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 187(3):789-93, 2006
- Gehrmann RM et al: Current concepts review: Stress fractures of the foot. Foot Ankle Int. 27(9):750-7, 2006
- Pepper M et al: The pathophysiology of stress fractures. Clin Sports Med. 25(1):1-16, vii, 2006
- Ruohola JP et al: Fatigue bone injuries causing anterior lower leg pain. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 444:216-23, 2006
- Snyder RA et al: Epidemiology of stress fractures. Clin Sports Med. 25(1):37-52, viii, 2006
- Umans HR: Imaging sports medicine injuries of the foot and toes. Clin Sports Med. 25(4):763-80, 2006
- Wall J et al: Imaging of stress fractures in runners. Clin Sports Med. 25(4):781-802, 2006
- Bolin D et al: Current concepts in the evaluation and management of stress fractures. Curr Sports Med Rep. 4(6):295-300, 2005
- Joy EA et al: Stress fractures in the female athlete. Curr Sports Med Rep. 4(6):323-8, 2005
- Knapp TP et al: Stress fractures: general concepts. Clin Sports Med. 16(2):339-56, 1997
