High-flow varieties associated with AVM or coarctation of aorta
Congenital type seen with collagen gene mutations; connective tissue disorders
Spontaneous idiopathic (rare)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Blackburn SL et al: Prospective trial of cerebrospinal fluid filtration after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage via lumbar catheter (PILLAR). Stroke. 50(9):2558-61, 2019
Yost MD et al: Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage: presentation and outcome. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 27(10):2792-6, 2018
Ichiba T et al: Comprehensive evaluation of diagnostic and treatment strategies for idiopathic spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 26(12):2840-8, 2017
Pahl FH et al: Spontaneous resolution of an isolated cervical anterior spinal artery aneurysm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol Int. 5:139, 2014
Boström A et al: Spinal glomus-type arteriovenous malformations: microsurgical treatment in 20 cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 10(5):423-9, 2009
Ros de San Pedro J et al: Massive hemorrhage in hemangioblastomas : Literature review. Neurosurg Rev. 33(1):11-26, 2009
Sharma GK et al: Spontaneous intramedullary hemorrhage of spinal hemangioblastoma: case report. Neurosurgery. 65(3):E627-8; discussion E628, 2009
Yu SD et al: Factors associated with traumatic fluoroscopy-guided lumbar punctures: a retrospective review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(3):512-5, 2009
Germans MR et al: Spinal vascular malformations in non-perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurol. 255(12):1910-5, 2008
Ginanneschi F et al: Arachnoid cyst and arachnoiditis following idiopathic spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg. 22(4):578-9, 2008
Longatti P et al: Bleeding spinal artery aneurysms. J Neurosurg Spine. 8(6):574-8, 2008
Koch C et al: Dural arteriovenous fistula of the lumbar spine presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 100(4 Suppl):385-91, 2004
Pancu D et al: EPs do not accept the strategy of "lumbar puncture first" in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Am J Emerg Med. 22(2):115-7, 2004
Yahiro T et al: Pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic radiculomedullary artery with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report. J Neurosurg. 100(3 Suppl):312-5, 2004
Berlis A et al: Subarachnoid haemorrhage due to cervical spinal cord haemangioblastomas in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 145(11):1009-13; discussion 1013, 2003
Bertalanffy H et al: Isolated paramedullary hemangioblastoma originating from the first cervical nerve root: case report. Spine. 28(10):E191-3, 2003
Chatterjee T et al: Pneumococcal meningitis masquerading as subarachnoid haemorrhage. Med J Aust. 178(10):505-7, 2003
Kastenbauer S et al: Pneumococcal meningitis in adults: spectrum of complications and prognostic factors in a series of 87 cases. Brain. 126(Pt 5):1015-25, 2003
Nozaki K et al: Spinal intradural extramedullary cavernous angioma. Case report. J Neurosurg. 99(3 Suppl):316-9, 2003
Rabinov JD et al: Endovascular management of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(7):1421-8, 2003
Shah KH et al: Incidence of traumatic lumbar puncture. Acad Emerg Med. 10(2):151-4, 2003
Yamaguchi S et al: Spinal subdural hematoma: a sequela of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm? Surg Neurol. 59(5):408-12; discussion 412, 2003
Fahy BG et al: Current concepts in neurocritical care. Anesthesiol Clin North America. 20(2):441-62, viii, 2002
Pai SB et al: Post lumbar puncture spinal subarachnoid hematoma causing paraplegia: a short report. Neurol India. 50(3):367-9, 2002
Wells JB et al: Subarachnoid hemorrhage presenting as post-dural puncture headache: a case report. Mt Sinai J Med. 69(1-2):109-10, 2002
Wityk RJ et al: Neurovascular complications of marfan syndrome: a retrospective, hospital-based study. Stroke. 33(3):680-4, 2002
Cihangiroglu M et al: Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage complicating oral anticoagulant therapy. Eur J Radiol. 39(3):176-9, 2001
Cruickshank AM: ACP Best Practice No 166: CSF spectrophotometry in the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Clin Pathol. 54(11):827-30, 2001
Hausmann et al: Coagulopathy induced spinal intradural extramedullary hematoma: report of three cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 143(2):135-40, 2001
Hosoda H et al: Mediastinal neurilemmoma complicated with spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 49(6):384-7, 2001
Ruelle A et al: Spinal subarachnoid bleeding of unknown etiology. Case reports. J Neurosurg Sci. 45(1):53-7, 2001
Bhangoo RS et al: Cavernous angiomas of the brain stem and spinal cord. J Clin Neurosci. 5 Suppl:20-5, 1998
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
Definitions
Hemorrhage into spinal subarachnoid space from variety of etiologies
Trauma (> 50%)
Motor vehicle accident, occupational, etc.
Postoperative
Lumbar puncture (LP), epidural or intradural catheter placement
High-flow varieties associated with AVM or coarctation of aorta
Congenital type seen with collagen gene mutations; connective tissue disorders
Spontaneous idiopathic (rare)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Blackburn SL et al: Prospective trial of cerebrospinal fluid filtration after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage via lumbar catheter (PILLAR). Stroke. 50(9):2558-61, 2019
Yost MD et al: Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage: presentation and outcome. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 27(10):2792-6, 2018
Ichiba T et al: Comprehensive evaluation of diagnostic and treatment strategies for idiopathic spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 26(12):2840-8, 2017
Pahl FH et al: Spontaneous resolution of an isolated cervical anterior spinal artery aneurysm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol Int. 5:139, 2014
Boström A et al: Spinal glomus-type arteriovenous malformations: microsurgical treatment in 20 cases. J Neurosurg Spine. 10(5):423-9, 2009
Ros de San Pedro J et al: Massive hemorrhage in hemangioblastomas : Literature review. Neurosurg Rev. 33(1):11-26, 2009
Sharma GK et al: Spontaneous intramedullary hemorrhage of spinal hemangioblastoma: case report. Neurosurgery. 65(3):E627-8; discussion E628, 2009
Yu SD et al: Factors associated with traumatic fluoroscopy-guided lumbar punctures: a retrospective review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(3):512-5, 2009
Germans MR et al: Spinal vascular malformations in non-perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurol. 255(12):1910-5, 2008
Ginanneschi F et al: Arachnoid cyst and arachnoiditis following idiopathic spinal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Br J Neurosurg. 22(4):578-9, 2008
Longatti P et al: Bleeding spinal artery aneurysms. J Neurosurg Spine. 8(6):574-8, 2008
Koch C et al: Dural arteriovenous fistula of the lumbar spine presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 100(4 Suppl):385-91, 2004
Pancu D et al: EPs do not accept the strategy of "lumbar puncture first" in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Am J Emerg Med. 22(2):115-7, 2004
Yahiro T et al: Pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic radiculomedullary artery with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report. J Neurosurg. 100(3 Suppl):312-5, 2004
Berlis A et al: Subarachnoid haemorrhage due to cervical spinal cord haemangioblastomas in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 145(11):1009-13; discussion 1013, 2003
Bertalanffy H et al: Isolated paramedullary hemangioblastoma originating from the first cervical nerve root: case report. Spine. 28(10):E191-3, 2003
Chatterjee T et al: Pneumococcal meningitis masquerading as subarachnoid haemorrhage. Med J Aust. 178(10):505-7, 2003
Kastenbauer S et al: Pneumococcal meningitis in adults: spectrum of complications and prognostic factors in a series of 87 cases. Brain. 126(Pt 5):1015-25, 2003
Nozaki K et al: Spinal intradural extramedullary cavernous angioma. Case report. J Neurosurg. 99(3 Suppl):316-9, 2003
Rabinov JD et al: Endovascular management of vertebrobasilar dissecting aneurysms. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(7):1421-8, 2003
Shah KH et al: Incidence of traumatic lumbar puncture. Acad Emerg Med. 10(2):151-4, 2003
Yamaguchi S et al: Spinal subdural hematoma: a sequela of a ruptured intracranial aneurysm? Surg Neurol. 59(5):408-12; discussion 412, 2003
Fahy BG et al: Current concepts in neurocritical care. Anesthesiol Clin North America. 20(2):441-62, viii, 2002
Pai SB et al: Post lumbar puncture spinal subarachnoid hematoma causing paraplegia: a short report. Neurol India. 50(3):367-9, 2002
Wells JB et al: Subarachnoid hemorrhage presenting as post-dural puncture headache: a case report. Mt Sinai J Med. 69(1-2):109-10, 2002
Wityk RJ et al: Neurovascular complications of marfan syndrome: a retrospective, hospital-based study. Stroke. 33(3):680-4, 2002
Cihangiroglu M et al: Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage complicating oral anticoagulant therapy. Eur J Radiol. 39(3):176-9, 2001
Cruickshank AM: ACP Best Practice No 166: CSF spectrophotometry in the diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Clin Pathol. 54(11):827-30, 2001
Hausmann et al: Coagulopathy induced spinal intradural extramedullary hematoma: report of three cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 143(2):135-40, 2001
Hosoda H et al: Mediastinal neurilemmoma complicated with spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 49(6):384-7, 2001
Ruelle A et al: Spinal subarachnoid bleeding of unknown etiology. Case reports. J Neurosurg Sci. 45(1):53-7, 2001
Bhangoo RS et al: Cavernous angiomas of the brain stem and spinal cord. J Clin Neurosci. 5 Suppl:20-5, 1998
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