Traumatic lesions of brainstem (BS), basal ganglia (BG), thalamus, and ventricles, composed of
Deep diffuse axonal injury (DAI)-type SCI lesions
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
Choroid hemorrhage (CH)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ferrazzano PA et al: Use of magnetic resonance imaging in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury: assessment of current practice. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 1-9, 2019
O'Phelan KH et al: Common patterns of regional brain injury detectable by diffusion tensor imaging in otherwise normal-appearing white matter in patients with early moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 35(5):739-49, 2018
Haghbayan H et al: The prognostic value of MRI in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 45(12):e1280-8, 2017
Haghbayan H et al: The prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev. 5:10, 2016
Corrigan JD et al: Components of traumatic brain injury severity indices. J Neurotrauma. 31(11):1000-7, 2014
George EO et al: Longitudinal and prognostic evaluation of mild traumatic brain injury: A 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Neurotrauma. 31(11):1018-28, 2014
Laouchedi M et al: Deafferentation in thalamic and pontine areas in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neuroradiol. ePub, 2014
Liu J et al: Diffuse axonal injury after traumatic cerebral microbleeds: an evaluation of imaging techniques. Neural Regen Res. 9(12):1222-30, 2014
Sharp DJ et al: Network dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol. 10(3):156-66, 2014
Fox WC et al: Contemporary imaging of mild TBI: the journey toward diffusion tensor imaging to assess neuronal damage. Neurol Res. 35(3):223-32, 2013
Mamere AE et al: Evaluation of delayed neuronal and axonal damage secondary to moderate and severe traumatic brain injury using quantitative MR imaging techniques. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(5):947-52, 2009
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Subcortical injury (SCI)
Definitions
Traumatic lesions of brainstem (BS), basal ganglia (BG), thalamus, and ventricles, composed of
Deep diffuse axonal injury (DAI)-type SCI lesions
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)
Choroid hemorrhage (CH)
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Ferrazzano PA et al: Use of magnetic resonance imaging in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury: assessment of current practice. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 1-9, 2019
O'Phelan KH et al: Common patterns of regional brain injury detectable by diffusion tensor imaging in otherwise normal-appearing white matter in patients with early moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 35(5):739-49, 2018
Haghbayan H et al: The prognostic value of MRI in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 45(12):e1280-8, 2017
Haghbayan H et al: The prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev. 5:10, 2016
Corrigan JD et al: Components of traumatic brain injury severity indices. J Neurotrauma. 31(11):1000-7, 2014
George EO et al: Longitudinal and prognostic evaluation of mild traumatic brain injury: A 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Neurotrauma. 31(11):1018-28, 2014
Laouchedi M et al: Deafferentation in thalamic and pontine areas in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neuroradiol. ePub, 2014
Liu J et al: Diffuse axonal injury after traumatic cerebral microbleeds: an evaluation of imaging techniques. Neural Regen Res. 9(12):1222-30, 2014
Sharp DJ et al: Network dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Nat Rev Neurol. 10(3):156-66, 2014
Fox WC et al: Contemporary imaging of mild TBI: the journey toward diffusion tensor imaging to assess neuronal damage. Neurol Res. 35(3):223-32, 2013
Mamere AE et al: Evaluation of delayed neuronal and axonal damage secondary to moderate and severe traumatic brain injury using quantitative MR imaging techniques. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(5):947-52, 2009
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