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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction
Synonyms
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome
Definitions
Occlusion of SVC by extrinsic compression, tumor invasion, or intrinsic thrombus
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Radiographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Hoang VT et al: The focal hepatic hot spot sign with lung cancer in computed tomography. Respirol Case Rep. 8(8):e00671, 2020
Klein-Weigel PF et al: Superior vena cava syndrome. Vasa. 49(6):437-48, 2020
Sonavane SK et al: Comprehensive imaging review of the superior vena cava. Radiographics. 35(7):1873-92, 2015
Rachapalli V et al: Superior vena cava syndrome: role of the interventionalist. Can Assoc Radiol J. 65(2):168-76, 2014
Katabathina VS et al: Imaging of oncologic emergencies: what every radiologist should know. Radiographics. 33(6):1533-53, 2013
Sheth S et al: Superior vena cava obstruction evaluation with MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(4):W336-46, 2010
Cheng S: Superior vena cava syndrome: a contemporary review of a historic disease. Cardiol Rev. 17(1):16-23, 2009
Saranteas T et al: Transesophageal echocardiography and vascular ultrasound in the diagnosis of catheter-related persistent left superior vena cava thrombosis. Eur J Echocardiogr. 10(3):452-5, 2009
Lv FQ et al: Doppler superior vena cava flow evolution and respiratory variation in superior vena cava syndrome. Echocardiography. 25(4):360-5, 2008
Eren S et al: The superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant disease. Imaging with multi-detector row CT. Eur J Radiol. 59(1):93-103, 2006
Lau D et al: Correction of superior vena cava syndrome with superficial femoral vein juguloatrial bypass. Ann Vasc Surg. 20(6):839-41, 2006
Pieri S et al: Endovascular treatment of benign superior vena cava syndrome: venographic patterns and implications for treatment. Radiol Med. 110(4):359-69, 2005
Qanadli SD et al: Helical CT phlebography of the superior vena cava: diagnosis and evaluation of venous obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(5):1327-33, 1999
Bashist B et al: Abdominal CT findings when the superior vena cava, brachiocephalic vein, or subclavian vein is obstructed. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(6):1457-63, 1996
Magnan PE et al: Surgical reconstruction of the superior vena cava. Cardiovasc Surg. 2(5):598-604, 1994
Kim HJ et al: CT diagnosis of superior vena cava syndrome: importance of collateral vessels. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161(3):539-42, 1993
Doty DB et al: Bypass of superior vena cava. Fifteen years' experience with spiral vein graft for obstruction of superior vena cava caused by benign disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 99(5):889-95; discussion 895-6, 1990
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction
Synonyms
Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome
Definitions
Occlusion of SVC by extrinsic compression, tumor invasion, or intrinsic thrombus
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
CT Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Radiographic Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Hoang VT et al: The focal hepatic hot spot sign with lung cancer in computed tomography. Respirol Case Rep. 8(8):e00671, 2020
Klein-Weigel PF et al: Superior vena cava syndrome. Vasa. 49(6):437-48, 2020
Sonavane SK et al: Comprehensive imaging review of the superior vena cava. Radiographics. 35(7):1873-92, 2015
Rachapalli V et al: Superior vena cava syndrome: role of the interventionalist. Can Assoc Radiol J. 65(2):168-76, 2014
Katabathina VS et al: Imaging of oncologic emergencies: what every radiologist should know. Radiographics. 33(6):1533-53, 2013
Sheth S et al: Superior vena cava obstruction evaluation with MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(4):W336-46, 2010
Cheng S: Superior vena cava syndrome: a contemporary review of a historic disease. Cardiol Rev. 17(1):16-23, 2009
Saranteas T et al: Transesophageal echocardiography and vascular ultrasound in the diagnosis of catheter-related persistent left superior vena cava thrombosis. Eur J Echocardiogr. 10(3):452-5, 2009
Lv FQ et al: Doppler superior vena cava flow evolution and respiratory variation in superior vena cava syndrome. Echocardiography. 25(4):360-5, 2008
Eren S et al: The superior vena cava syndrome caused by malignant disease. Imaging with multi-detector row CT. Eur J Radiol. 59(1):93-103, 2006
Lau D et al: Correction of superior vena cava syndrome with superficial femoral vein juguloatrial bypass. Ann Vasc Surg. 20(6):839-41, 2006
Pieri S et al: Endovascular treatment of benign superior vena cava syndrome: venographic patterns and implications for treatment. Radiol Med. 110(4):359-69, 2005
Qanadli SD et al: Helical CT phlebography of the superior vena cava: diagnosis and evaluation of venous obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 172(5):1327-33, 1999
Bashist B et al: Abdominal CT findings when the superior vena cava, brachiocephalic vein, or subclavian vein is obstructed. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 167(6):1457-63, 1996
Magnan PE et al: Surgical reconstruction of the superior vena cava. Cardiovasc Surg. 2(5):598-604, 1994
Kim HJ et al: CT diagnosis of superior vena cava syndrome: importance of collateral vessels. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161(3):539-42, 1993
Doty DB et al: Bypass of superior vena cava. Fifteen years' experience with spiral vein graft for obstruction of superior vena cava caused by benign disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 99(5):889-95; discussion 895-6, 1990
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