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Sympathetic Schwannoma
Eunice Y. L. Dai, MBBS, FRCR; Yolanda Y. P. Lee, MBChB, FRCR; Simon S. M. Wong, MBBS, FRCR
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Vagal schwannoma (VS)
              • Cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma (CSCS)
            • Synonyms

              • Sympathetic neurilemmoma or neuroma
            • Definitions

              • Benign, slow-growing tumor of Schwann cells investing cervical sympathetic chain (CSC)

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Imaging Recommendations

                • Ultrasonographic Findings

                  • CT Findings

                    • MR Findings

                      • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                          PATHOLOGY

                          • General Features

                            • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                              • Microscopic Features

                                CLINICAL ISSUES

                                • Presentation

                                  • Demographics

                                    • Natural History & Prognosis

                                      • Treatment

                                        DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Graffeo CS et al: Preoperative diagnosis of vagal and sympathetic cervical schwannomas based on radiographic findings. J Neurosurg. 126(3):690-7, 2017
                                          2. Yasumatsu R et al: Diagnosis and management of extracranial head and neck schwannomas: a review of 27 cases. Int J Otolaryngol. 2013:973045, 2013
                                          3. Kami YN et al: Imaging findings of neurogenic tumours in the head and neck region. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 41(1):18-23, 2012
                                          4. Hsieh TC et al: Lower neck neurilemmoma can masquerade as lymph node metastasis on FDG PET/CT in patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 36(12):e217-9, 2011
                                          5. Liu HL et al: Extracranial head and neck Schwannomas: a study of the nerve of origin. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 268(9):1343-7, 2011
                                          6. Anil G et al: Imaging characteristics of schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain: a review of 12 cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(8):1408-12, 2010
                                          7. Kim SH et al: Schwannoma in head and neck: preoperative imaging study and intracapsular enucleation for functional nerve preservation. Yonsei Med J. 51(6):938-42, 2010
                                          8. Saylam CY et al: Neuroanatomy of cervical sympathetic trunk: a cadaveric study. Clin Anat. 22(3):324-30, 2009
                                          9. Tomita T et al: Diagnosis and management of cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma: a review of 9 cases. Acta Otolaryngol. 129(3):324-9, 2009
                                          10. Civelek E et al: Surgical anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk during anterolateral approach to cervical spine. Eur Spine J. 17(8):991-5, 2008
                                          11. Cheshire WP et al: Cervical sympathetic neuralgia arising from a schwannoma. Headache. 47(3):444-6, 2007
                                          12. Langner E et al: Schwannomas in the head and neck: retrospective analysis of 21 patients and review of the literature. Sao Paulo Med J. 125(4):220-2, 2007
                                          13. Saito DM et al: Parapharyngeal space schwannomas: preoperative imaging determination of the nerve of origin. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 133(7):662-7, 2007
                                          14. Bocciolini C et al: Schwannoma of cervical sympathetic chain: assessment and management. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 25(3):191-4, 2005
                                          15. Kiray A et al: Surgical anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Clin Anat. 18(3):179-85, 2005
                                          16. Valentino J et al: Expected neurologic outcomes for surgical treatment of cervical neurilemomas. Laryngoscope. 108(7):1009-13, 1998
                                          17. Furukawa M et al: Differentiation between schwannoma of the vagus nerve and schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain by imaging diagnosis. Laryngoscope. 106(12 Pt 1):1548-52, 1996
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Pathology

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Abbreviations

                                                      • Vagal schwannoma (VS)
                                                      • Cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma (CSCS)
                                                    • Synonyms

                                                      • Sympathetic neurilemmoma or neuroma
                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Benign, slow-growing tumor of Schwann cells investing cervical sympathetic chain (CSC)

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Imaging Recommendations

                                                        • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                          • CT Findings

                                                            • MR Findings

                                                              • Nuclear Medicine Findings

                                                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                  PATHOLOGY

                                                                  • General Features

                                                                    • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                      • Microscopic Features

                                                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                        • Presentation

                                                                          • Demographics

                                                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                              • Treatment

                                                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Graffeo CS et al: Preoperative diagnosis of vagal and sympathetic cervical schwannomas based on radiographic findings. J Neurosurg. 126(3):690-7, 2017
                                                                                  2. Yasumatsu R et al: Diagnosis and management of extracranial head and neck schwannomas: a review of 27 cases. Int J Otolaryngol. 2013:973045, 2013
                                                                                  3. Kami YN et al: Imaging findings of neurogenic tumours in the head and neck region. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 41(1):18-23, 2012
                                                                                  4. Hsieh TC et al: Lower neck neurilemmoma can masquerade as lymph node metastasis on FDG PET/CT in patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clin Nucl Med. 36(12):e217-9, 2011
                                                                                  5. Liu HL et al: Extracranial head and neck Schwannomas: a study of the nerve of origin. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 268(9):1343-7, 2011
                                                                                  6. Anil G et al: Imaging characteristics of schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain: a review of 12 cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 31(8):1408-12, 2010
                                                                                  7. Kim SH et al: Schwannoma in head and neck: preoperative imaging study and intracapsular enucleation for functional nerve preservation. Yonsei Med J. 51(6):938-42, 2010
                                                                                  8. Saylam CY et al: Neuroanatomy of cervical sympathetic trunk: a cadaveric study. Clin Anat. 22(3):324-30, 2009
                                                                                  9. Tomita T et al: Diagnosis and management of cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma: a review of 9 cases. Acta Otolaryngol. 129(3):324-9, 2009
                                                                                  10. Civelek E et al: Surgical anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk during anterolateral approach to cervical spine. Eur Spine J. 17(8):991-5, 2008
                                                                                  11. Cheshire WP et al: Cervical sympathetic neuralgia arising from a schwannoma. Headache. 47(3):444-6, 2007
                                                                                  12. Langner E et al: Schwannomas in the head and neck: retrospective analysis of 21 patients and review of the literature. Sao Paulo Med J. 125(4):220-2, 2007
                                                                                  13. Saito DM et al: Parapharyngeal space schwannomas: preoperative imaging determination of the nerve of origin. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 133(7):662-7, 2007
                                                                                  14. Bocciolini C et al: Schwannoma of cervical sympathetic chain: assessment and management. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 25(3):191-4, 2005
                                                                                  15. Kiray A et al: Surgical anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Clin Anat. 18(3):179-85, 2005
                                                                                  16. Valentino J et al: Expected neurologic outcomes for surgical treatment of cervical neurilemomas. Laryngoscope. 108(7):1009-13, 1998
                                                                                  17. Furukawa M et al: Differentiation between schwannoma of the vagus nerve and schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain by imaging diagnosis. Laryngoscope. 106(12 Pt 1):1548-52, 1996