Hunt KJ et al: High ankle sprains and syndesmotic injuries in athletes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 23(11):661-73, 2015
van Vlijmen N et al: Long-term results after ankle syndesmosis injuries. Orthopedics. 38(11):e1001-6, 2015
Miller TL et al: Evaluation and treatment recommendations for acute injuries to the ankle syndesmosis without associated fracture. Sports Med. 44(2):179-88, 2014
Elgafy H et al: Computed tomography of normal distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Skeletal Radiol. 39(6):559-64, 2010
Cheung Y et al: MRI of isolated distal fibular fractures with widened medial clear space on stressed radiographs: which ligaments are interrupted? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):W7-12, 2009
Han SH et al: Chronic tibiofibular syndesmosis injury: the diagnostic efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging and comparative analysis of operative treatment. Foot Ankle Int. 28(3):336-42, 2007
Brown KW et al: MRI findings associated with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(1):131-6, 2004
Oae K et al: Injury of the tibiofibular syndesmosis: value of MR imaging for diagnosis. Radiology. 227(1):155-61, 2003
Vogl TJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of acute injured distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Invest Radiol. 32(7):401-9, 1997
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL)
Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL)
Synonyms
High ankle sprain, syndesmosis injury
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Relevant Anatomy
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Anand Prakash A: Anatomy of ankle syndesmotic ligaments: a systematic review of cadaveric studies. Foot Ankle Spec. 13(4):341-50, 2020
Krähenbühl N et al: Imaging in syndesmotic injury: a systematic literature review. Skeletal Radiol. 47(5):631-48, 2018
Hunt KJ et al: High ankle sprains and syndesmotic injuries in athletes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 23(11):661-73, 2015
van Vlijmen N et al: Long-term results after ankle syndesmosis injuries. Orthopedics. 38(11):e1001-6, 2015
Miller TL et al: Evaluation and treatment recommendations for acute injuries to the ankle syndesmosis without associated fracture. Sports Med. 44(2):179-88, 2014
Elgafy H et al: Computed tomography of normal distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Skeletal Radiol. 39(6):559-64, 2010
Cheung Y et al: MRI of isolated distal fibular fractures with widened medial clear space on stressed radiographs: which ligaments are interrupted? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(1):W7-12, 2009
Han SH et al: Chronic tibiofibular syndesmosis injury: the diagnostic efficiency of magnetic resonance imaging and comparative analysis of operative treatment. Foot Ankle Int. 28(3):336-42, 2007
Brown KW et al: MRI findings associated with distal tibiofibular syndesmosis injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(1):131-6, 2004
Oae K et al: Injury of the tibiofibular syndesmosis: value of MR imaging for diagnosis. Radiology. 227(1):155-61, 2003
Vogl TJ et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of acute injured distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Invest Radiol. 32(7):401-9, 1997
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