"Presyrinx" state: Reversible spinal cord edema produced by alterations in CSF flow dynamics
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kurzbuch AR et al: Iatrogenic syringomyelia postcranial surgery in pediatric patients: systematic review and illustrative case. Childs Nerv Syst. 37(9):2879-90, 2021
Shenoy VS et al: Syringomyelia. StatPearls, 2020
Heiss JD et al: Origin of syrinx fluid in syringomyelia: a physiological study. Neurosurgery. 84(2):457-68, 2019
Holly LT et al: Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. J Neurosurg Spine. 31(5):619-28, 2019
Jones BV: Cord cystic cavities: syringomyelia and prominent central canal. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 38(2):98-104, 2017
Rodriguez A et al: Management of idiopathic pediatric syringohydromyelia. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 16(4):452-7, 2015
Timpone VM et al: MRI of a syrinx: is contrast material always necessary? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(5):1082-5, 2015
McVige JW et al: Imaging of Chiari type I malformation and syringohydromyelia. Neurol Clin. 32(1):95-126, 2014
Joseph RN et al: Management of isolated syringomyelia in the paediatric population--a review of imaging and follow-up in a single centre. Br J Neurosurg. 27(5):683-6, 2013
Magge SN et al: Idiopathic syrinx in the pediatric population: a combined center experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 7(1):30-6, 2011
Agarwal A et al: Syringosubarachnoid shunt for syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation. Pediatr Radiol. 40 Suppl 1:S156, 2010
Durnford AJ et al: Spontaneous regression of a terminal myelocystocele and associated syringomyelia: a case report. Childs Nerv Syst. 26(3):403-6, 2010
Heiss JD et al: Pathophysiology of persistent syringomyelia after decompressive craniocervical surgery. Clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 13(6):729-42, 2010
Roser F et al: Defining the line between hydromyelia and syringomyelia. A differentiation is possible based on electrophysiological and magnetic resonance imaging studies. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 152(2):213-9; discussion 219, 2010
Aghakhani N et al: Long-term follow-up of Chiari-related syringomyelia in adults: analysis of 157 surgically treated cases. Neurosurgery. 64(2):308-15; discussion 315, 2009
Aitken LA et al: Chiari type I malformation in a pediatric population. Pediatr Neurol. 40(6):449-54, 2009
Nakamura M et al: Clinical significance and prognosis of idiopathic syringomyelia. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(5):372-5, 2009
Ravaglia S et al: Presyrinx in children with Chiari malformations. Neurology. 72(22):1966-7, 2009
Akhtar OH et al: Syringomyelia-associated scoliosis with and without the Chiari I malformation. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16(7):407-17, 2008
Goh S et al: Presyrinx in children with Chiari malformations. Neurology. 71(5):351-6, 2008
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Hydromyelia, syringohydromyelia, syrinx
Definitions
Hydromyelia: Cystic dilation of spinal cord central canal
Syringomyelia: Cystic spinal cord cavity not contiguous with central canal
Syringohydromyelia: Features of both syringomyelia & hydromyelia
Distinction between syringomyelia & hydromyelia is often not clinically relevant
Syringobulbia: Extension of syrinx/cavity into brainstem
"Presyrinx" state: Reversible spinal cord edema produced by alterations in CSF flow dynamics
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Kurzbuch AR et al: Iatrogenic syringomyelia postcranial surgery in pediatric patients: systematic review and illustrative case. Childs Nerv Syst. 37(9):2879-90, 2021
Shenoy VS et al: Syringomyelia. StatPearls, 2020
Heiss JD et al: Origin of syrinx fluid in syringomyelia: a physiological study. Neurosurgery. 84(2):457-68, 2019
Holly LT et al: Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. J Neurosurg Spine. 31(5):619-28, 2019
Jones BV: Cord cystic cavities: syringomyelia and prominent central canal. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 38(2):98-104, 2017
Rodriguez A et al: Management of idiopathic pediatric syringohydromyelia. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 16(4):452-7, 2015
Timpone VM et al: MRI of a syrinx: is contrast material always necessary? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(5):1082-5, 2015
McVige JW et al: Imaging of Chiari type I malformation and syringohydromyelia. Neurol Clin. 32(1):95-126, 2014
Joseph RN et al: Management of isolated syringomyelia in the paediatric population--a review of imaging and follow-up in a single centre. Br J Neurosurg. 27(5):683-6, 2013
Magge SN et al: Idiopathic syrinx in the pediatric population: a combined center experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 7(1):30-6, 2011
Agarwal A et al: Syringosubarachnoid shunt for syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation. Pediatr Radiol. 40 Suppl 1:S156, 2010
Durnford AJ et al: Spontaneous regression of a terminal myelocystocele and associated syringomyelia: a case report. Childs Nerv Syst. 26(3):403-6, 2010
Heiss JD et al: Pathophysiology of persistent syringomyelia after decompressive craniocervical surgery. Clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine. 13(6):729-42, 2010
Roser F et al: Defining the line between hydromyelia and syringomyelia. A differentiation is possible based on electrophysiological and magnetic resonance imaging studies. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 152(2):213-9; discussion 219, 2010
Aghakhani N et al: Long-term follow-up of Chiari-related syringomyelia in adults: analysis of 157 surgically treated cases. Neurosurgery. 64(2):308-15; discussion 315, 2009
Aitken LA et al: Chiari type I malformation in a pediatric population. Pediatr Neurol. 40(6):449-54, 2009
Nakamura M et al: Clinical significance and prognosis of idiopathic syringomyelia. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(5):372-5, 2009
Ravaglia S et al: Presyrinx in children with Chiari malformations. Neurology. 72(22):1966-7, 2009
Akhtar OH et al: Syringomyelia-associated scoliosis with and without the Chiari I malformation. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16(7):407-17, 2008
Goh S et al: Presyrinx in children with Chiari malformations. Neurology. 71(5):351-6, 2008
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