Syringohydromyelia: Features of both syringomyelia and hydromyelia
"Presyrinx state": Reversible spinal cord edema produced by alterations in CSF flow dynamics
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Yuan C et al: Rapid progression of acute cervical syringomyelia: a case report of delayed complications following spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 1-5, 2020
Holly LT et al: Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. J Neurosurg Spine. 31(5):619-28, 2019
Shen J et al: Syringobulbia in patients with Chiari malformation type i: a systematic review. Biomed Res Int. 2019:4829102, 2019
Yuan C et al: Spontaneous resolution of syringomyelia with a 16-year serial magnetic resonance imaging follow-up: a case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 130:432-8, 2019
Klekamp J: How should syringomyelia be defined and diagnosed? World Neurosurg. 111:e729-45, 2018
Menezes AH et al: Syringobulbia in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 22(1):52-60, 2018
Governale LS: Resolution of Chiari-associated syringomyelia. Pediatr Neurol. 50(5):542-3, 2014
Kemp J et al: Holocord syringomyelia secondary to tethered spinal cord associated with anterior sacral meningocele and tailgut cyst: case report and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 30(6):1141-6, 2014
Nagoshi N et al: Factors contributing to improvement of syringomyelia after foramen magnum decompression for Chiari type I malformation. J Orthop Sci. 19(3):418-23, 2014
Tsitouras V et al: Syringomyelia and tethered cord in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(9):1625-34, 2013
Aghakhani N et al: Long-term follow-up of Chiari-related syringomyelia in adults: analysis of 157 surgically treated cases. Neurosurgery. 64(2):308-15; discussion 315, 2009
Nakamura M et al: Clinical significance and prognosis of idiopathic syringomyelia. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(5):372-5, 2009
Ravaglia S et al: Presyrinx in children with Chiari malformations. Neurology. 72(22):1966-7, 2009
Akhtar OH et al: Syringomyelia-associated scoliosis with and without the Chiari I malformation. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16(7):407-17, 2008
Goh S et al: Presyrinx in children with Chiari malformations. Neurology. 71(5):351-6, 2008
Park CH et al: Evaluation of intrasyrinx fluid motion by spatial modulation of magnetization-magnetic resonance imaging in syringomyelia with long-term follow-up: a predictor of postoperative prognosis? J Comput Assist Tomogr. 32(1):135-40, 2008
Sung WS et al: Spontaneous regression of syringomyelia--review of the current aetiological theories and implications for surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 15(10):1185-8, 2008
Porensky P et al: Nontraumatic cervicothoracic syrinx as a cause of progressive neurologic dysfunction. J Spinal Cord Med. 30(3):276-81, 2007
Ravaglia S et al: Pathogenetic role of myelitis for syringomyelia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 109(6):541-6, 2007
Aryan HE et al: Syringocephaly. J Clin Neurosci. 11(4):421-3, 2004
Piatt JH Jr: Syringomyelia complicating myelomeningocele: review of the evidence. J Neurosurg. 100(2 Suppl):101-9, 2004
Brodbelt AR et al: Post-traumatic syringomyelia: a review. J Clin Neurosci. 10(4):401-8, 2003
Kyoshima K et al: Spontaneous resolution of syringomyelia: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 53(3):762-8; discussion 768-9, 2003
Ozerdemoglu RA et al: Scoliosis associated with syringomyelia: clinical and radiologic correlation. Spine. 28(13):1410-7, 2003
Holly LT et al: Slitlike syrinx cavities: a persistent central canal. J Neurosurg. 97(2 Suppl):161-5, 2002
Klekamp J et al: Syringomyelia associated with foramen magnum arachnoiditis. J Neurosurg. 97(3 Suppl):317-22, 2002
Klekamp J: The pathophysiology of syringomyelia - historical overview and current concept. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 144(7):649-64, 2002
Klekamp J et al: Spontaneous resolution of Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 48(3):664-7, 2001
Vinas FC et al: Spontaneous resolution of a syrinx. J Clin Neurosci. 8(2):170-2, 2001
Brugières P et al: CSF flow measurement in syringomyelia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(10):1785-92, 2000
Fischbein NJ et al: The "presyrinx" state: is there a reversible myelopathic condition that may precede syringomyelia? Neurosurg Focus. 8(3):E4, 2000
Unsinn KM et al: US of the spinal cord in newborns: spectrum of normal findings, variants, congenital anomalies, and acquired diseases. Radiographics. 20(4):923-38, 2000
Fischbein NJ et al: The "presyrinx" state: a reversible myelopathic condition that may precede syringomyelia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(1):7-20, 1999
Levy LM: MR imaging of cerebrospinal fluid flow and spinal cord motion in neurologic disorders of the spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 7(3):573-87, 1999
Milhorat TH et al: Intramedullary pressure in syringomyelia: clinical and pathophysiological correlates of syrinx distension. Neurosurgery. 41(5):1102-10, 1997
Milhorat TH et al: Pathological basis of spinal cord cavitation in syringomyelia: analysis of 105 autopsy cases. J Neurosurg. 82(5):802-12, 1995
Tanghe HL: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in syringomyelia. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 134(1-2):93-9, 1995
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Hydromyelia: Cystic central canal dilatation
Syringomyelia: Cystic spinal cord cavity not contiguous with central cord canal
Syringohydromyelia: Features of both syringomyelia and hydromyelia
"Presyrinx state": Reversible spinal cord edema produced by alterations in CSF flow dynamics
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nonvascular Interventions
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Yuan C et al: Rapid progression of acute cervical syringomyelia: a case report of delayed complications following spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 1-5, 2020
Holly LT et al: Chiari malformation and syringomyelia. J Neurosurg Spine. 31(5):619-28, 2019
Shen J et al: Syringobulbia in patients with Chiari malformation type i: a systematic review. Biomed Res Int. 2019:4829102, 2019
Yuan C et al: Spontaneous resolution of syringomyelia with a 16-year serial magnetic resonance imaging follow-up: a case report and literature review. World Neurosurg. 130:432-8, 2019
Klekamp J: How should syringomyelia be defined and diagnosed? World Neurosurg. 111:e729-45, 2018
Menezes AH et al: Syringobulbia in pediatric patients with Chiari malformation type I. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 22(1):52-60, 2018
Governale LS: Resolution of Chiari-associated syringomyelia. Pediatr Neurol. 50(5):542-3, 2014
Kemp J et al: Holocord syringomyelia secondary to tethered spinal cord associated with anterior sacral meningocele and tailgut cyst: case report and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 30(6):1141-6, 2014
Nagoshi N et al: Factors contributing to improvement of syringomyelia after foramen magnum decompression for Chiari type I malformation. J Orthop Sci. 19(3):418-23, 2014
Tsitouras V et al: Syringomyelia and tethered cord in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 29(9):1625-34, 2013
Aghakhani N et al: Long-term follow-up of Chiari-related syringomyelia in adults: analysis of 157 surgically treated cases. Neurosurgery. 64(2):308-15; discussion 315, 2009
Nakamura M et al: Clinical significance and prognosis of idiopathic syringomyelia. J Spinal Disord Tech. 22(5):372-5, 2009
Ravaglia S et al: Presyrinx in children with Chiari malformations. Neurology. 72(22):1966-7, 2009
Akhtar OH et al: Syringomyelia-associated scoliosis with and without the Chiari I malformation. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 16(7):407-17, 2008
Goh S et al: Presyrinx in children with Chiari malformations. Neurology. 71(5):351-6, 2008
Park CH et al: Evaluation of intrasyrinx fluid motion by spatial modulation of magnetization-magnetic resonance imaging in syringomyelia with long-term follow-up: a predictor of postoperative prognosis? J Comput Assist Tomogr. 32(1):135-40, 2008
Sung WS et al: Spontaneous regression of syringomyelia--review of the current aetiological theories and implications for surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 15(10):1185-8, 2008
Porensky P et al: Nontraumatic cervicothoracic syrinx as a cause of progressive neurologic dysfunction. J Spinal Cord Med. 30(3):276-81, 2007
Ravaglia S et al: Pathogenetic role of myelitis for syringomyelia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 109(6):541-6, 2007
Aryan HE et al: Syringocephaly. J Clin Neurosci. 11(4):421-3, 2004
Piatt JH Jr: Syringomyelia complicating myelomeningocele: review of the evidence. J Neurosurg. 100(2 Suppl):101-9, 2004
Brodbelt AR et al: Post-traumatic syringomyelia: a review. J Clin Neurosci. 10(4):401-8, 2003
Kyoshima K et al: Spontaneous resolution of syringomyelia: report of two cases and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 53(3):762-8; discussion 768-9, 2003
Ozerdemoglu RA et al: Scoliosis associated with syringomyelia: clinical and radiologic correlation. Spine. 28(13):1410-7, 2003
Holly LT et al: Slitlike syrinx cavities: a persistent central canal. J Neurosurg. 97(2 Suppl):161-5, 2002
Klekamp J et al: Syringomyelia associated with foramen magnum arachnoiditis. J Neurosurg. 97(3 Suppl):317-22, 2002
Klekamp J: The pathophysiology of syringomyelia - historical overview and current concept. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 144(7):649-64, 2002
Klekamp J et al: Spontaneous resolution of Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery. 48(3):664-7, 2001
Vinas FC et al: Spontaneous resolution of a syrinx. J Clin Neurosci. 8(2):170-2, 2001
Brugières P et al: CSF flow measurement in syringomyelia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 21(10):1785-92, 2000
Fischbein NJ et al: The "presyrinx" state: is there a reversible myelopathic condition that may precede syringomyelia? Neurosurg Focus. 8(3):E4, 2000
Unsinn KM et al: US of the spinal cord in newborns: spectrum of normal findings, variants, congenital anomalies, and acquired diseases. Radiographics. 20(4):923-38, 2000
Fischbein NJ et al: The "presyrinx" state: a reversible myelopathic condition that may precede syringomyelia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(1):7-20, 1999
Levy LM: MR imaging of cerebrospinal fluid flow and spinal cord motion in neurologic disorders of the spine. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 7(3):573-87, 1999
Milhorat TH et al: Intramedullary pressure in syringomyelia: clinical and pathophysiological correlates of syrinx distension. Neurosurgery. 41(5):1102-10, 1997
Milhorat TH et al: Pathological basis of spinal cord cavitation in syringomyelia: analysis of 105 autopsy cases. J Neurosurg. 82(5):802-12, 1995
Tanghe HL: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in syringomyelia. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 134(1-2):93-9, 1995
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.