Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Preprocedure
Procedure
Post Procedure
Outcomes
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Transversus abdominis plane (TAP)
- Rectus abdominis muscle (RAM)
- External oblique muscle (EOM)
- Internal oblique muscle (IOM)
- Transversus abdominis muscle (TAM)
- Anterior super iliac spine (ASIS)
Definitions
- Blockade of thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves (T6-T12) as they travels through TAP (and diverges into anterior and lateral branches) providing analgesia to overlying skin and muscular structures of abdomen
- Provides temporary unilateral analgesia ranging from 6-18 hours to overlying skin and muscular structures of abdominal wall depending on site of injection
- Subcostal TAP block renders upper abdominal coverage of T7-T9 dermatomes
- Traditional TAP block renders analgesia to T10-T12 dermatomes
- Longer duration of analgesia can be achieved by placing catheter
- Can be performed with patient awake or while under general anesthesia
- Fascial plane block; therefore, block is more successful with higher volume (and lower concentration) of local anesthetic
PREPROCEDURE
Indications
Contraindications
Getting Started
PROCEDURE
Patient Position/Location
Equipment Preparation
Procedure Steps
Findings and Reporting
Alternative Procedures/Therapies
POST PROCEDURE
Expected Outcome
Things to Do
Things to Avoid
OUTCOMES
Problems
Complications
Selected References
- Theodoraki K et al: The effect of transversus abdominis plane block on acute and chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair. A randomized controlled trial. Int J Surg. 63:63-70, 2019
- Gnanasekar N et al: Comparative evaluation of ropivacaine and ropivacaine with dexamethasone in transverse abdominis plane block for lower abdominal surgeries: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Anesth Essays Res. 12(4):937-42, 2018
- Sanderson BJ et al: Transversus abdominis plane catheters for analgesia following abdominal surgery in adults. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 43(1):5-13, 2018
- Chin KJ et al: Essentials of our current understanding: abdominal wall blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 42(2):133-83, 2017
- Fusco P et al: Transversus abdominis plane block in the management of acute postoperative pain syndrome after caesarean section: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Pain Physician. 19(8):583-91, 2016
- Gasanova I et al: Transversus abdominis plane block versus surgical site infiltration for pain management after open total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 121(5):1383-8, 2015
- Hutchins J et al: Ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine for patients undergoing robotic-assisted hysterectomy: a retrospective study. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 25(5):937-41, 2015
- Murouchi T et al: Chronological changes in ropivacaine concentration and analgesic effects between transversus abdominis plane block and rectus sheath block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 40(5):568-71, 2015
- Abdul Jalil RM et al: Comparing the effectiveness of ropivacaine 0.5% versus ropivacaine 0.2% for transabdominis plane block in providing postoperative analgesia after appendectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 52(2):49-53, 2014
- Almarakbi WA et al: Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block potentiates post-operative pain relief among abdominal hysterectomy patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Saudi J Anaesth. 8(2):161-6, 2014
- Børglum J et al: TAP block terminology. Anaesthesia. 69(9):1055-6, 2014
- Børglum J et al: Transversus abdominis plane block in inguinal hernia repair. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 31(7):391-2, 2014
- Calle GA et al: Transversus abdominis plane block after ambulatory total laparoscopic hysterectomy: randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 93(4):345-50, 2014
- Feierman DE et al: Liposomal bupivacaine infiltration into the transversus abdominis plane for postsurgical analgesia in open abdominal umbilical hernia repair: results from a cohort of 13 patients. J Pain Res. 7:477-82, 2014
- Kitayama M et al: Effects of adding epinephrine on the early systemic absorption kinetics of local anesthetics in abdominal truncal blocks. J Anesth. 28(4):631-4, 2014
- Restrepo-Garces CE et al: Subcostal transversus abdominis plane phenol injection for abdominal wall cancer pain. Pain Pract. 14(3):278-82, 2014
- Abdallah FW et al: Duration of analgesic effectiveness after the posterior and lateral transversus abdominis plane block techniques for transverse lower abdominal incisions: a meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 111(5):721-35, 2013
- Griffiths JD et al: Symptomatic local anaesthetic toxicity and plasma ropivacaine concentrations after transversus abdominis plane block for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 110(6):996-1000, 2013
- Sharkey A et al: Role of transversus abdominis plane block after caesarean delivery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 26(3):268-72, 2013
- Ammar AS et al: Effect of adding dexamethasone to bupivacaine on transversus abdominis plane block for abdominal hysterectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Saudi J Anaesth. 6(3):229-33, 2012
- Bollag L et al: Effect of transversus abdominis plane block with and without clonidine on post-cesarean delivery wound hyperalgesia and pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 37(5):508-14, 2012
- Børglum J et al: Distribution patterns, dermatomal anesthesia, and ropivacaine serum concentrations after bilateral dual transversus abdominis plane block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 37(3):294-301, 2012
- Corvetto MA et al: Comparison of plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine with and without epinephrine for transversus abdominis plane block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 37(6):633-7, 2012
- Finnerty O et al: Transversus abdominis plane block. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 25(5):610-4, 2012
- Torup H et al: Potentially toxic concentrations in blood of total ropivacaine after bilateral transversus abdominis plane blocks; a pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 29(5):235-8, 2012
- Young MJ et al: Clinical implications of the transversus abdominis plane block in adults. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2012:731645, 2012
- Carney J et al: The transversus abdominis plane block provides effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 107(6):2056-60, 2008
- McDonnell JG et al: The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 106(1):186-91, 2008
- McDonnell JG et al: Transversus abdominis plane block. Anesth Analg. 105(3):883, 2007
- McDonnell JG et al: Transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric and radiological evaluation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 32(5):399-404, 2007
- McDonnell JG et al: The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 104(1):193-7, 2007
- Rafi AN: Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle. Anaesthesia. 56(10):1024-6, 2001
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Preprocedure
Procedure
Post Procedure
Outcomes
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Transversus abdominis plane (TAP)
- Rectus abdominis muscle (RAM)
- External oblique muscle (EOM)
- Internal oblique muscle (IOM)
- Transversus abdominis muscle (TAM)
- Anterior super iliac spine (ASIS)
Definitions
- Blockade of thoracoabdominal intercostal nerves (T6-T12) as they travels through TAP (and diverges into anterior and lateral branches) providing analgesia to overlying skin and muscular structures of abdomen
- Provides temporary unilateral analgesia ranging from 6-18 hours to overlying skin and muscular structures of abdominal wall depending on site of injection
- Subcostal TAP block renders upper abdominal coverage of T7-T9 dermatomes
- Traditional TAP block renders analgesia to T10-T12 dermatomes
- Longer duration of analgesia can be achieved by placing catheter
- Can be performed with patient awake or while under general anesthesia
- Fascial plane block; therefore, block is more successful with higher volume (and lower concentration) of local anesthetic
PREPROCEDURE
Indications
Contraindications
Getting Started
PROCEDURE
Patient Position/Location
Equipment Preparation
Procedure Steps
Findings and Reporting
Alternative Procedures/Therapies
POST PROCEDURE
Expected Outcome
Things to Do
Things to Avoid
OUTCOMES
Problems
Complications
Selected References
- Theodoraki K et al: The effect of transversus abdominis plane block on acute and chronic pain after inguinal hernia repair. A randomized controlled trial. Int J Surg. 63:63-70, 2019
- Gnanasekar N et al: Comparative evaluation of ropivacaine and ropivacaine with dexamethasone in transverse abdominis plane block for lower abdominal surgeries: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded study. Anesth Essays Res. 12(4):937-42, 2018
- Sanderson BJ et al: Transversus abdominis plane catheters for analgesia following abdominal surgery in adults. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 43(1):5-13, 2018
- Chin KJ et al: Essentials of our current understanding: abdominal wall blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 42(2):133-83, 2017
- Fusco P et al: Transversus abdominis plane block in the management of acute postoperative pain syndrome after caesarean section: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Pain Physician. 19(8):583-91, 2016
- Gasanova I et al: Transversus abdominis plane block versus surgical site infiltration for pain management after open total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 121(5):1383-8, 2015
- Hutchins J et al: Ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane infiltration with liposomal bupivacaine for patients undergoing robotic-assisted hysterectomy: a retrospective study. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 25(5):937-41, 2015
- Murouchi T et al: Chronological changes in ropivacaine concentration and analgesic effects between transversus abdominis plane block and rectus sheath block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 40(5):568-71, 2015
- Abdul Jalil RM et al: Comparing the effectiveness of ropivacaine 0.5% versus ropivacaine 0.2% for transabdominis plane block in providing postoperative analgesia after appendectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 52(2):49-53, 2014
- Almarakbi WA et al: Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block potentiates post-operative pain relief among abdominal hysterectomy patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Saudi J Anaesth. 8(2):161-6, 2014
- Børglum J et al: TAP block terminology. Anaesthesia. 69(9):1055-6, 2014
- Børglum J et al: Transversus abdominis plane block in inguinal hernia repair. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 31(7):391-2, 2014
- Calle GA et al: Transversus abdominis plane block after ambulatory total laparoscopic hysterectomy: randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 93(4):345-50, 2014
- Feierman DE et al: Liposomal bupivacaine infiltration into the transversus abdominis plane for postsurgical analgesia in open abdominal umbilical hernia repair: results from a cohort of 13 patients. J Pain Res. 7:477-82, 2014
- Kitayama M et al: Effects of adding epinephrine on the early systemic absorption kinetics of local anesthetics in abdominal truncal blocks. J Anesth. 28(4):631-4, 2014
- Restrepo-Garces CE et al: Subcostal transversus abdominis plane phenol injection for abdominal wall cancer pain. Pain Pract. 14(3):278-82, 2014
- Abdallah FW et al: Duration of analgesic effectiveness after the posterior and lateral transversus abdominis plane block techniques for transverse lower abdominal incisions: a meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 111(5):721-35, 2013
- Griffiths JD et al: Symptomatic local anaesthetic toxicity and plasma ropivacaine concentrations after transversus abdominis plane block for caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 110(6):996-1000, 2013
- Sharkey A et al: Role of transversus abdominis plane block after caesarean delivery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 26(3):268-72, 2013
- Ammar AS et al: Effect of adding dexamethasone to bupivacaine on transversus abdominis plane block for abdominal hysterectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Saudi J Anaesth. 6(3):229-33, 2012
- Bollag L et al: Effect of transversus abdominis plane block with and without clonidine on post-cesarean delivery wound hyperalgesia and pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 37(5):508-14, 2012
- Børglum J et al: Distribution patterns, dermatomal anesthesia, and ropivacaine serum concentrations after bilateral dual transversus abdominis plane block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 37(3):294-301, 2012
- Corvetto MA et al: Comparison of plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine with and without epinephrine for transversus abdominis plane block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 37(6):633-7, 2012
- Finnerty O et al: Transversus abdominis plane block. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 25(5):610-4, 2012
- Torup H et al: Potentially toxic concentrations in blood of total ropivacaine after bilateral transversus abdominis plane blocks; a pharmacokinetic study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 29(5):235-8, 2012
- Young MJ et al: Clinical implications of the transversus abdominis plane block in adults. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2012:731645, 2012
- Carney J et al: The transversus abdominis plane block provides effective postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg. 107(6):2056-60, 2008
- McDonnell JG et al: The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 106(1):186-91, 2008
- McDonnell JG et al: Transversus abdominis plane block. Anesth Analg. 105(3):883, 2007
- McDonnell JG et al: Transversus abdominis plane block: a cadaveric and radiological evaluation. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 32(5):399-404, 2007
- McDonnell JG et al: The analgesic efficacy of transversus abdominis plane block after abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg. 104(1):193-7, 2007
- Rafi AN: Abdominal field block: a new approach via the lumbar triangle. Anaesthesia. 56(10):1024-6, 2001
