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Head and Neck
Diagnosis
Temporal Bone
Intratemporal Facial Nerve
Benign and Malignant Tumors
Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)
Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma)
Bronwyn E. Hamilton, MD; H. Ric Harnsberger, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Pathology

          • Clinical Issues

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Facial nerve venous malformation (FNVM)

            • Synonyms

              • Facial nerve hemangioma/ossifying hemangioma
                • Historic terms for FNVM

            • Definitions

              • FNVM: Benign developmental lesion near intratemporal facial nerve in geniculate fossa area

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • CT Findings

                • MR Findings

                  • Imaging Recommendations

                    DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                      PATHOLOGY

                      • General Features

                        • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                            • Microscopic Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Rao D et al: A case of a facial nerve venous malformation presenting with crocodile tear syndrome. Surg Neurol Int. 11:3, 2020
                                          2. Bonali M et al: Endoscopic transcanal approach to geniculate ganglion hemangioma and simultaneous facial nerve reinnervation: a case report. J Int Adv Otol. 15(1):165-68, 2019
                                          3. Guerin JB et al: Facial nerve venous malformation: a radiologic and histopathologic review of 11 cases. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 4(3):347-52, 2019
                                          4. ISSVA International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Published May 2018. Accessed 1/30/2021. https://www.issva.org/classification
                                          5. Wick CC et al: Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery for excision of a facial nerve venous malformation with interposition nerve grafting: a case report. Otol Neurotol. 38(6):895-9, 2017
                                          6. Lahlou G et al: Geniculate ganglion tumors: clinical presentation and surgical results. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 155(5):850-5, 2016
                                          7. Maiodna E et al: Cavernous malformation of the seventh cranial nerve: case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 91:676.e13-21, 2016
                                          8. Omor Y et al: "Honeycomb" sign. Presse Med. 45(5):541-3, 2016
                                          9. Yue Y et al: Retrospective case series of the imaging findings of facial nerve hemangioma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 272(9):2497-503, 2015
                                          10. Ma X et al: Facial nerve preservation in geniculate ganglion hemangiomas. Acta Otolaryngol. 134(9):974-6, 2014
                                          11. Benoit MM et al: Facial nerve hemangiomas: vascular tumors or malformations? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 142(1):108-14, 2010
                                          12. Greene AK et al: Intraosseous "hemangiomas" are malformations and not tumors. Plast Reconstr Surg. 119(6):1949-50; author reply 1950, 2007
                                          13. Isaacson B et al: Hemangiomas of the geniculate ganglion. Otol Neurotol. 26(4):796-802, 2005
                                          14. Bernardeschi D et al: Vascular malformation (so-called hemangioma) of Scarpa's ganglion. Acta Otolaryngol. 124(9):1099-102, 2004
                                          15. Piccirillo E et al: Management of temporal bone hemangiomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 113(6):431-7, 2004
                                          16. Achilli V et al: Facial nerve hemangioma. Otol Neurotol. 23(6):1003-4, 2002
                                          17. Friedman O et al: Temporal bone hemangiomas involving the facial nerve. Otol Neurotol. 23(5):760-6, 2002
                                          18. Salib RJ et al: The crucial role of imaging in detection of facial nerve haemangiomas. J Laryngol Otol. 115(6):510-3, 2001
                                          19. Dufour JJ et al: Intratemporal vascular malformations (angiomas): particular clinical features. J Otolaryngol. 23(4):250-3, 1994
                                          20. Martin N et al: Haemangioma of the petrous bone: MRI. Neuroradiology. 34(5):420-2, 1992
                                          21. Shelton C et al: Intratemporal facial nerve hemangiomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 104(1):116-21, 1991
                                          22. Lo WW et al: Intratemporal vascular tumors: detection with CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 171(2):445-8, 1989
                                          23. Curtin HD et al: "Ossifying" hemangiomas of the temporal bone: evaluation with CT. Radiology. 164(3):831-5, 1987
                                          24. Mulliken JB et al: Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 69(3):412-22, 1982
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Pathology

                                                  • Clinical Issues

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Abbreviations

                                                      • Facial nerve venous malformation (FNVM)

                                                    • Synonyms

                                                      • Facial nerve hemangioma/ossifying hemangioma
                                                        • Historic terms for FNVM

                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • FNVM: Benign developmental lesion near intratemporal facial nerve in geniculate fossa area

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • CT Findings

                                                        • MR Findings

                                                          • Imaging Recommendations

                                                            DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                              PATHOLOGY

                                                              • General Features

                                                                • Staging, Grading, & Classification

                                                                  • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                    • Microscopic Features

                                                                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                      • Presentation

                                                                        • Demographics

                                                                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                            • Treatment

                                                                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                              • Consider

                                                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Rao D et al: A case of a facial nerve venous malformation presenting with crocodile tear syndrome. Surg Neurol Int. 11:3, 2020
                                                                                  2. Bonali M et al: Endoscopic transcanal approach to geniculate ganglion hemangioma and simultaneous facial nerve reinnervation: a case report. J Int Adv Otol. 15(1):165-68, 2019
                                                                                  3. Guerin JB et al: Facial nerve venous malformation: a radiologic and histopathologic review of 11 cases. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 4(3):347-52, 2019
                                                                                  4. ISSVA International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Published May 2018. Accessed 1/30/2021. https://www.issva.org/classification
                                                                                  5. Wick CC et al: Transcanal endoscopic ear surgery for excision of a facial nerve venous malformation with interposition nerve grafting: a case report. Otol Neurotol. 38(6):895-9, 2017
                                                                                  6. Lahlou G et al: Geniculate ganglion tumors: clinical presentation and surgical results. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 155(5):850-5, 2016
                                                                                  7. Maiodna E et al: Cavernous malformation of the seventh cranial nerve: case report and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 91:676.e13-21, 2016
                                                                                  8. Omor Y et al: "Honeycomb" sign. Presse Med. 45(5):541-3, 2016
                                                                                  9. Yue Y et al: Retrospective case series of the imaging findings of facial nerve hemangioma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 272(9):2497-503, 2015
                                                                                  10. Ma X et al: Facial nerve preservation in geniculate ganglion hemangiomas. Acta Otolaryngol. 134(9):974-6, 2014
                                                                                  11. Benoit MM et al: Facial nerve hemangiomas: vascular tumors or malformations? Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 142(1):108-14, 2010
                                                                                  12. Greene AK et al: Intraosseous "hemangiomas" are malformations and not tumors. Plast Reconstr Surg. 119(6):1949-50; author reply 1950, 2007
                                                                                  13. Isaacson B et al: Hemangiomas of the geniculate ganglion. Otol Neurotol. 26(4):796-802, 2005
                                                                                  14. Bernardeschi D et al: Vascular malformation (so-called hemangioma) of Scarpa's ganglion. Acta Otolaryngol. 124(9):1099-102, 2004
                                                                                  15. Piccirillo E et al: Management of temporal bone hemangiomas. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 113(6):431-7, 2004
                                                                                  16. Achilli V et al: Facial nerve hemangioma. Otol Neurotol. 23(6):1003-4, 2002
                                                                                  17. Friedman O et al: Temporal bone hemangiomas involving the facial nerve. Otol Neurotol. 23(5):760-6, 2002
                                                                                  18. Salib RJ et al: The crucial role of imaging in detection of facial nerve haemangiomas. J Laryngol Otol. 115(6):510-3, 2001
                                                                                  19. Dufour JJ et al: Intratemporal vascular malformations (angiomas): particular clinical features. J Otolaryngol. 23(4):250-3, 1994
                                                                                  20. Martin N et al: Haemangioma of the petrous bone: MRI. Neuroradiology. 34(5):420-2, 1992
                                                                                  21. Shelton C et al: Intratemporal facial nerve hemangiomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 104(1):116-21, 1991
                                                                                  22. Lo WW et al: Intratemporal vascular tumors: detection with CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 171(2):445-8, 1989
                                                                                  23. Curtin HD et al: "Ossifying" hemangiomas of the temporal bone: evaluation with CT. Radiology. 164(3):831-5, 1987
                                                                                  24. Mulliken JB et al: Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 69(3):412-22, 1982