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Head and Neck
Diagnosis
Skull Base, Facial, and Temporal Bone Trauma
Skull Base and Temporal Bone
Temporal Bone Fractures
Temporal Bone Fractures
Daniel E. Meltzer, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Imaging

    • Top Differential Diagnoses

      • Diagnostic Checklist

        TERMINOLOGY

        • Definitions

          • Traumatic injury of temporal bone ± ossicle injury

        IMAGING

        • General Features

          • CT Findings

            • MR Findings

              • Imaging Recommendations

                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • General Features

                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                    • Presentation

                      • Demographics

                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                          • Treatment

                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                            • Consider

                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                • Reporting Tips

                                  Selected References

                                  1. Szczupak M et al: Utilization of computed tomography in temporal bone fractures at a large level I trauma center. Laryngoscope. 131(1):E278-82, 2021
                                  2. Dedhia RD et al: Predicting complications of pediatric temporal bone fractures. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 138:110358, 2020
                                  3. Kanona H et al: A large case series of temporal bone fractures at a UK major trauma centre with an evidence-based management protocol. J Laryngol Otol. 134(3):205-12, 2020
                                  4. Kurihara YY et al: Temporal bone trauma: typical CT and MRI appearances and important points for evaluation. Radiographics. 40(4):1148-62, 2020
                                  5. Kang TK et al: The potential protective effects of temporal bone pneumatization: a shock absorber in temporal bone fracture. PLoS One. 14(5):e0217682, 2019
                                  6. Lantos JE et al: Imaging of temporal bone trauma: a clinicoradiologic perspective. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 29(1):129-43, 2019
                                  7. Choi HG et al: The rates and clinical characteristics of pneumolabyrinth in temporal bone fracture. Otol Neurotol. 36(6):1048-53, 2015
                                  8. Juliano AF et al: Imaging review of the temporal bone: part ii. traumatic, postoperative, and noninflammatory nonneoplastic conditions. Radiology. 276(3):655-72, 2015
                                  9. Kennedy TA et al: Imaging of temporal bone trauma. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 24(3):467-86, viii, 2014
                                  10. Sun GH et al: Do contemporary temporal bone fracture classification systems reflect concurrent intracranial and cervical spine injuries? Laryngoscope. 121(5):929-32, 2011
                                  11. Delgado Almandoz JE et al: Multidetector CT angiography in the evaluation of acute blunt head and neck trauma: a proposed acute craniocervical trauma scoring system. Radiology. 254(1):236-44, 2010
                                  12. Delgado Almandoz JE et al: Prevalence of traumatic dural venous sinus thrombosis in high-risk acute blunt head trauma patients evaluated with multidetector CT venography. Radiology. 255(2):570-7, 2010
                                  13. Kim J et al: The effect of surgical timing on functional outcomes of traumatic facial nerve paralysis. J Trauma. 68(4):924-9, 2010
                                  14. Nash JJ et al: Management and outcomes of facial paralysis from intratemporal blunt trauma: a systematic review. Laryngoscope. 120(7):1397-404, 2010
                                  15. Rotondo M et al: Post-traumatic peripheral facial nerve palsy: surgical and neuroradiological consideration in five cases of delayed onset. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 152(10):1705-9, 2010
                                  16. Johnson F et al: Temporal bone fracture: evaluation and management in the modern era. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 41(3):597-618, x, 2008
                                  17. Yetiser S et al: Facial nerve problems and hearing loss in patients with temporal bone fractures: demographic data. J Trauma. 65(6):1314-20, 2008
                                  18. Little SC et al: Radiographic classification of temporal bone fractures: clinical predictability using a new system. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 132(12):1300-4, 2006
                                  19. Rafferty MA et al: A comparison of temporal bone fracture classification systems. Clin Otolaryngol. 31(4):287-91, 2006
                                  20. York G et al: Association of internal carotid artery injury with carotid canal fractures in patients with head trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 184(5):1672-8, 2005
                                  21. Ishman SL et al: Temporal bone fractures: traditional classification and clinical relevance. Laryngoscope. 114(10):1734-41, 2004
                                  22. Bergemalm PO: Progressive hearing loss after closed head injury: a predictable outcome? Acta Otolaryngol. 123(7):836-45, 2003
                                  23. Exadaktylos AK et al: The clinical correlation of temporal bone fractures and spiral computed tomographic scan: a prospective and consecutive study at a level I trauma center. J Trauma. 55(4):704-6, 2003
                                  24. Gross M et al: Cochlear involvement in a temporal bone fracture. Otol Neurotol. 24(6):958-9, 2003
                                  25. Gross M et al: Pneumolabyrinth: an unusual finding in a temporal bone fracture. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 67(5):553-5, 2003
                                  26. Sudhoff H et al: Temporal bone fracture and latent meningitis: temporal bone histopathology study of the month. Otol Neurotol. 24(3):521-2, 2003
                                  27. Lin TF et al: Isolated transverse transcochlear temporal bone fracture. Otol Neurotol. 23(4):615-6, 2002
                                  28. Singh S et al: Traumatic fracture of the stapes suprastructure following minor head injury. J Laryngol Otol. 116(6):457-9, 2002
                                  29. Darrouzet V et al: Management of facial paralysis resulting from temporal bone fractures: our experience in 115 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 125(1):77-84, 2001
                                  30. Jager L et al: CT and MR imaging of the normal and pathologic conditions of the facial nerve. Eur J Radiol. 40(2):133-46, 2001
                                  31. Swartz JD: Temporal bone trauma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 22(3):219-28, 2001
                                  32. Cunningham CD 3rd et al: Neurotologic complications associated with deployment of airbags. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 123(5):637-9, 2000
                                  33. Dahiya R et al: Temporal bone fractures: otic capsule sparing versus otic capsule violating clinical and radiographic considerations. J Trauma. 47(6):1079-83, 1999
                                  34. Brodie HA et al: Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures. Am J Otol. 18(2):188-97, 1997
                                  Related Anatomy
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                                  Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                  References
                                  Tables

                                  Tables

                                  KEY FACTS

                                  • Imaging

                                    • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                      • Diagnostic Checklist

                                        TERMINOLOGY

                                        • Definitions

                                          • Traumatic injury of temporal bone ± ossicle injury

                                        IMAGING

                                        • General Features

                                          • CT Findings

                                            • MR Findings

                                              • Imaging Recommendations

                                                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                  PATHOLOGY

                                                  • General Features

                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                    • Presentation

                                                      • Demographics

                                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                          • Treatment

                                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                            • Consider

                                                              • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                • Reporting Tips

                                                                  Selected References

                                                                  1. Szczupak M et al: Utilization of computed tomography in temporal bone fractures at a large level I trauma center. Laryngoscope. 131(1):E278-82, 2021
                                                                  2. Dedhia RD et al: Predicting complications of pediatric temporal bone fractures. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 138:110358, 2020
                                                                  3. Kanona H et al: A large case series of temporal bone fractures at a UK major trauma centre with an evidence-based management protocol. J Laryngol Otol. 134(3):205-12, 2020
                                                                  4. Kurihara YY et al: Temporal bone trauma: typical CT and MRI appearances and important points for evaluation. Radiographics. 40(4):1148-62, 2020
                                                                  5. Kang TK et al: The potential protective effects of temporal bone pneumatization: a shock absorber in temporal bone fracture. PLoS One. 14(5):e0217682, 2019
                                                                  6. Lantos JE et al: Imaging of temporal bone trauma: a clinicoradiologic perspective. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 29(1):129-43, 2019
                                                                  7. Choi HG et al: The rates and clinical characteristics of pneumolabyrinth in temporal bone fracture. Otol Neurotol. 36(6):1048-53, 2015
                                                                  8. Juliano AF et al: Imaging review of the temporal bone: part ii. traumatic, postoperative, and noninflammatory nonneoplastic conditions. Radiology. 276(3):655-72, 2015
                                                                  9. Kennedy TA et al: Imaging of temporal bone trauma. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 24(3):467-86, viii, 2014
                                                                  10. Sun GH et al: Do contemporary temporal bone fracture classification systems reflect concurrent intracranial and cervical spine injuries? Laryngoscope. 121(5):929-32, 2011
                                                                  11. Delgado Almandoz JE et al: Multidetector CT angiography in the evaluation of acute blunt head and neck trauma: a proposed acute craniocervical trauma scoring system. Radiology. 254(1):236-44, 2010
                                                                  12. Delgado Almandoz JE et al: Prevalence of traumatic dural venous sinus thrombosis in high-risk acute blunt head trauma patients evaluated with multidetector CT venography. Radiology. 255(2):570-7, 2010
                                                                  13. Kim J et al: The effect of surgical timing on functional outcomes of traumatic facial nerve paralysis. J Trauma. 68(4):924-9, 2010
                                                                  14. Nash JJ et al: Management and outcomes of facial paralysis from intratemporal blunt trauma: a systematic review. Laryngoscope. 120(7):1397-404, 2010
                                                                  15. Rotondo M et al: Post-traumatic peripheral facial nerve palsy: surgical and neuroradiological consideration in five cases of delayed onset. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 152(10):1705-9, 2010
                                                                  16. Johnson F et al: Temporal bone fracture: evaluation and management in the modern era. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 41(3):597-618, x, 2008
                                                                  17. Yetiser S et al: Facial nerve problems and hearing loss in patients with temporal bone fractures: demographic data. J Trauma. 65(6):1314-20, 2008
                                                                  18. Little SC et al: Radiographic classification of temporal bone fractures: clinical predictability using a new system. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 132(12):1300-4, 2006
                                                                  19. Rafferty MA et al: A comparison of temporal bone fracture classification systems. Clin Otolaryngol. 31(4):287-91, 2006
                                                                  20. York G et al: Association of internal carotid artery injury with carotid canal fractures in patients with head trauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 184(5):1672-8, 2005
                                                                  21. Ishman SL et al: Temporal bone fractures: traditional classification and clinical relevance. Laryngoscope. 114(10):1734-41, 2004
                                                                  22. Bergemalm PO: Progressive hearing loss after closed head injury: a predictable outcome? Acta Otolaryngol. 123(7):836-45, 2003
                                                                  23. Exadaktylos AK et al: The clinical correlation of temporal bone fractures and spiral computed tomographic scan: a prospective and consecutive study at a level I trauma center. J Trauma. 55(4):704-6, 2003
                                                                  24. Gross M et al: Cochlear involvement in a temporal bone fracture. Otol Neurotol. 24(6):958-9, 2003
                                                                  25. Gross M et al: Pneumolabyrinth: an unusual finding in a temporal bone fracture. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 67(5):553-5, 2003
                                                                  26. Sudhoff H et al: Temporal bone fracture and latent meningitis: temporal bone histopathology study of the month. Otol Neurotol. 24(3):521-2, 2003
                                                                  27. Lin TF et al: Isolated transverse transcochlear temporal bone fracture. Otol Neurotol. 23(4):615-6, 2002
                                                                  28. Singh S et al: Traumatic fracture of the stapes suprastructure following minor head injury. J Laryngol Otol. 116(6):457-9, 2002
                                                                  29. Darrouzet V et al: Management of facial paralysis resulting from temporal bone fractures: our experience in 115 cases. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 125(1):77-84, 2001
                                                                  30. Jager L et al: CT and MR imaging of the normal and pathologic conditions of the facial nerve. Eur J Radiol. 40(2):133-46, 2001
                                                                  31. Swartz JD: Temporal bone trauma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 22(3):219-28, 2001
                                                                  32. Cunningham CD 3rd et al: Neurotologic complications associated with deployment of airbags. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 123(5):637-9, 2000
                                                                  33. Dahiya R et al: Temporal bone fractures: otic capsule sparing versus otic capsule violating clinical and radiographic considerations. J Trauma. 47(6):1079-83, 1999
                                                                  34. Brodie HA et al: Management of complications from 820 temporal bone fractures. Am J Otol. 18(2):188-97, 1997