Thymic enlargement due to thymic or lymphoid hyperplasia
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Park JW et al: Pictorial review of mediastinal masses with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. Korean J Radiol. 22(1):139-54, 2021
Varma V et al: Thymic masses and mimics in adults: review of common and uncommon pathologies. Clin Imaging. 77:98-110, 2021
Carter BW et al: MR imaging of mediastinal masses. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 26(4):153-65, 2017
Karabulut N: Quantitative MRI of the thymus: chemical-shift ratio, signal intensity index, and apparent diffusion coefficient value. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 206(6):W97, 2016
Priola AM et al: Differentiation of rebound and lymphoid thymic hyperplasia from anterior mediastinal tumors with dual-echo chemical-shift MR imaging in adulthood: reliability of the chemical-shift ratio and signal intensity index. Radiology. 274(1):238-49, 2015
Guidoccio F et al: Current role of 111In-DTPA-octreotide scintigraphy in diagnosis of thymic masses. Tumori. 97(2):191-5, 2011
Nasseri F et al: Clinical and radiologic review of the normal and abnormal thymus: pearls and pitfalls. Radiographics. 30(2):413-28, 2010
Inaoka T et al: Thymic hyperplasia and thymus gland tumors: differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging. Radiology. 243(3):869-76, 2007
Nishino M et al: The thymus: a comprehensive review. Radiographics. 26(2):335-48, 2006
Sadohara J et al: Thymic epithelial tumors: comparison of CT and MR imaging findings of low-risk thymomas, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas. Eur J Radiol. 60(1):70-9, 2006
Ferdinand B et al: Spectrum of thymic uptake at 18F-FDG PET. Radiographics. 24(6):1611-6, 2004
Takahashi K et al: Characterization of the normal and hyperplastic thymus on chemical-shift MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(5):1265-9, 2003
Nicolaou S et al: Thymus in myasthenia gravis: comparison of CT and pathologic findings and clinical outcome after thymectomy. Radiology. 201(2):471-4, 1996
Adam EJ et al: Sonography of the thymus in healthy children: frequency of visualization, size, and appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161(1):153-5, 1993
Foulner D: Case report: transient thymic calcification--association with rebound enlargement. Clin Radiol. 44(6):428-9, 1991
Siegel MJ et al: Normal and abnormal thymus in childhood: MR imaging. Radiology. 172(2):367-71, 1989
Choyke PL et al: Thymic atrophy and regrowth in response to chemotherapy: CT evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 149(2):269-72, 1987
Goldberg RE et al: Serial CT scans in thymic hyperplasia. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 11(3):539-40, 1987
Francis IR et al: The thymus: reexamination of age-related changes in size and shape. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 145(2):249-54, 1985
Moore AV et al: Age-related changes in the thymus gland: CT-pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 141(2):241-6, 1983
Baron RL et al: Computed tomography of the abnormal thymus. Radiology. 142(1):127-34, 1982
Baron RL et al: Computed tomography of the normal thymus. Radiology. 142(1):121-5, 1982
Heiberg E et al: Normal thymus: CT characteristics in subjects under age 20. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 138(3):491-4, 1982
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Thymic rebound
Definitions
Thymic enlargement due to thymic or lymphoid hyperplasia
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Park JW et al: Pictorial review of mediastinal masses with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. Korean J Radiol. 22(1):139-54, 2021
Varma V et al: Thymic masses and mimics in adults: review of common and uncommon pathologies. Clin Imaging. 77:98-110, 2021
Carter BW et al: MR imaging of mediastinal masses. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 26(4):153-65, 2017
Karabulut N: Quantitative MRI of the thymus: chemical-shift ratio, signal intensity index, and apparent diffusion coefficient value. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 206(6):W97, 2016
Priola AM et al: Differentiation of rebound and lymphoid thymic hyperplasia from anterior mediastinal tumors with dual-echo chemical-shift MR imaging in adulthood: reliability of the chemical-shift ratio and signal intensity index. Radiology. 274(1):238-49, 2015
Guidoccio F et al: Current role of 111In-DTPA-octreotide scintigraphy in diagnosis of thymic masses. Tumori. 97(2):191-5, 2011
Nasseri F et al: Clinical and radiologic review of the normal and abnormal thymus: pearls and pitfalls. Radiographics. 30(2):413-28, 2010
Inaoka T et al: Thymic hyperplasia and thymus gland tumors: differentiation with chemical shift MR imaging. Radiology. 243(3):869-76, 2007
Nishino M et al: The thymus: a comprehensive review. Radiographics. 26(2):335-48, 2006
Sadohara J et al: Thymic epithelial tumors: comparison of CT and MR imaging findings of low-risk thymomas, high-risk thymomas, and thymic carcinomas. Eur J Radiol. 60(1):70-9, 2006
Ferdinand B et al: Spectrum of thymic uptake at 18F-FDG PET. Radiographics. 24(6):1611-6, 2004
Takahashi K et al: Characterization of the normal and hyperplastic thymus on chemical-shift MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(5):1265-9, 2003
Nicolaou S et al: Thymus in myasthenia gravis: comparison of CT and pathologic findings and clinical outcome after thymectomy. Radiology. 201(2):471-4, 1996
Adam EJ et al: Sonography of the thymus in healthy children: frequency of visualization, size, and appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 161(1):153-5, 1993
Foulner D: Case report: transient thymic calcification--association with rebound enlargement. Clin Radiol. 44(6):428-9, 1991
Siegel MJ et al: Normal and abnormal thymus in childhood: MR imaging. Radiology. 172(2):367-71, 1989
Choyke PL et al: Thymic atrophy and regrowth in response to chemotherapy: CT evaluation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 149(2):269-72, 1987
Goldberg RE et al: Serial CT scans in thymic hyperplasia. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 11(3):539-40, 1987
Francis IR et al: The thymus: reexamination of age-related changes in size and shape. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 145(2):249-54, 1985
Moore AV et al: Age-related changes in the thymus gland: CT-pathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 141(2):241-6, 1983
Baron RL et al: Computed tomography of the abnormal thymus. Radiology. 142(1):127-34, 1982
Baron RL et al: Computed tomography of the normal thymus. Radiology. 142(1):121-5, 1982
Heiberg E et al: Normal thymus: CT characteristics in subjects under age 20. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 138(3):491-4, 1982
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